Cracking the Code – Unraveling the Challenge of Coverage for Novel Cannabinoids | 8.8.23 | Committee Insights
NCIA’s #IndustryEssentials webinar series is our premier digital educational platform featuring a variety of interactive programs allowing us to provide you timely, engaging and essential education when you need it most.
In this edition of our Committee Insights series, originally aired on August 8, NCIA’s Risk Management & Insurance Committee explored why insurance for novel cannabinoids can be such a challenging code to crack. Our discussion will help you navigate through liability and legislative loopholes, offering a clearer understanding of your exposure, while considering the patchwork of federal and state requirements.
In case you missed it, in conjunction with this session they’ve also released the third edition of their “Risk Management and Insurance Manual” specifically exploring this subject, which is available for download on NCIA’s website here: https://bit.ly/3OvGtag
You’ll leave with a better understanding of how unravel the complexities of insuring novel cannabinoids and equipped with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions regarding your insurance coverage. Whether you’re a cannabis business owner, a risk manager, an insurance professional, or anyone with an interest in this topic, this webinar will provide you with practical takeaways to safeguard your products, operations, and workforce.
Tune in as we crack the code to safeguard your products, operations and workforce!
Committee Insights | 7.13.23 | Know Your Hazards – Occupational Health and Safety Considerations in Cannabinoid Ingredient Manufacturing
NCIA’s #IndustryEssentials webinar series is our premier digital educational platform featuring a variety of interactive programs allowing us to provide you timely, engaging and essential education when you need it most.
In this edition of our NCIA Committee Insights series, originally aired on July 13, we were joined by members of NCIA’s Cannabis Manufacturing, Scientific Advisory and Hemp Committees for an in-depth discussion highlighting the occupational health and safety considerations to make during the manufacture of cannabinoids and provide recommendations for mitigating risk.
There is no mistaking that manufacturing cannabinoids is here to stay. It is more and more prevalent to see historically plant/naturally derived bulk ingredients being manufactured in a controlled environment in the lab or through innovative processes like precision fermentation. It is likely that bulk ingredient manufacturing of cannabinoids will go this route too.
For cannabinoids like HHC, that do not exist naturally in the plant or in high enough quantities to be commercially viable for extraction, it is most certainly the case that manufacture of these compounds will occur in the lab. To produce these compounds safely, we can luckily look toward existing regulations and occupational health and safety guidelines for producing novel ingredients for use in foods and non-foods.
Learning Objectives:
• Recognizing common occupational safety hazards associated with manufacturing cannabinoids and recommendation to mitigate these hazards
• Learning the different occupational safety considerations between isolation and purification of naturally occurring cannabinoids and the manufacture (synthesis) of cannabinoids in the lab
• Understanding the special safety considerations that processes like hydrogenation and others have and why these are critical to mitigating liability for your business
Safeguarding Consumers in the Cannabinoid Product Landscape (Part III):
Know Your Hazards – Occupational Health and Safety Considerations in Cannabinoid Ingredient Manufacturing (Part IV): https://bit.ly/3rEUeKP
Concepts for Regulatory Consideration – Shifting the Conversation from “Cannabis vs. Hemp” to “The Cannabinoids” (Part V): https://bit.ly/3P3r5AW
Member Blog: The Importance of Storing Cannabis Properly
Cannabis is affected by humidity.
Yes, cannabis is definitely affected by humidity. Cannabis plants are sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity levels, both during cultivation and after harvesting.
During cultivation, cannabis plants need a specific range of temperature and humidity levels to thrive. Too much humidity can lead to the growth of mold and mildew, while too little humidity can cause the plants to dry out and become brittle.
After harvesting, cannabis buds need to be dried and cured to preserve their quality and potency. During this process, it is important to control the humidity levels to ensure that the buds dry slowly and evenly. If the humidity levels are too high, the buds can become moldy, while if they are too low, the buds can dry out too quickly and lose their potency.
In addition, the humidity level can also affect the storage of cannabis. If the humidity levels are too high, it can cause the buds to become moldy, while if they are too low, it can cause the buds to become brittle and lose their flavor and potency.
Therefore, it is important to control the humidity levels during the cultivation, drying, curing, and storage of cannabis to ensure that the buds are of high quality, potent, and safe for consumption.
How can dry cannabis lose potency?
When cannabis is dried and cured, it naturally loses moisture. However, if the cannabis becomes too dry, it can begin to lose potency.
This is because the active compounds in cannabis, such as THC and CBD, are stored in the trichomes on the surface of the buds. When the buds become too dry, the trichomes can become brittle and break off, causing the loss of these valuable compounds.
In addition, when cannabis becomes too dry, it can also affect the flavor and aroma of the buds. The terpenes, which are responsible for the characteristic smells and tastes of different strains, can degrade over time if the buds are too dry.
Therefore, it is important to store cannabis at the correct humidity levels to ensure that it stays fresh and potent. The ideal humidity range for storing cannabis is between 59% and 63% relative humidity. If the buds become too dry, you can try to rehydrate them by adding a humidifying device, such as a moisture pack, to the storage container. However, it is important to be careful not to add too much moisture, as this can cause the buds to become moldy or develop other quality issues.
Cannabis potency versus humidity
The potency of cannabis can be affected by humidity levels. When cannabis is stored at a high humidity level, it can cause the breakdown of THC and other cannabinoids, decreasing potency. On the other hand, if cannabis is stored at a low humidity level, it can cause the buds to become dry and brittle, which can also lead to a decrease in potency.
Therefore, it is important to store cannabis in a controlled environment with the appropriate humidity level. This can be achieved using specialized storage containers, such as airtight jars or humidors, designed to maintain a consistent humidity level. It is also important to monitor the humidity levels regularly and adjust as necessary to ensure that the cannabis stays fresh and potent.
Cannabis taste versus low humidity
When the terpenes are lost, the flavor of the cannabis can become harsh, bitter, or stale. This can make the smoking experience less enjoyable and may also indicate a decrease in potency.
If the buds have become too dry, it is possible to rehydrate them by adding a humidifying device, such as a moisture pack, to the storage container. However, it is important to be careful not to add too much moisture, as this can cause the buds to become moldy or develop other quality issues.
Committee Blog: Optimizing the Cannabis Dispensary Experience – An In-depth Look at Terpenes, Cannabinoids, and THC for Superior Customer Service
The cannabis industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years, with more and more states legalizing its use for medical and recreational purposes. As a result, cannabis dispensaries are becoming increasingly popular, with many people visiting them for the first time. For dispensary owners, managers, and budtenders, it’s essential to provide a positive customer experience to build brand loyalty and attract repeat business. This blog will discuss the importance of focusing on the customer experience at cannabis dispensaries and how understanding terpenes, cannabinoids, and THC percentages can improve the overall experience for both new and experienced users.
Understanding the Customer Experience
What makes a great customer experience at a cannabis dispensary? A positive experience can be characterized by:
Knowledgeable Staff:
Budtenders and other staff members should be well-trained and able to provide accurate and easily digestible information on various cannabis products, including their effects and appropriate dosages.
Welcoming Atmosphere:
Dispensaries should be clean, well-organized, and aesthetically pleasing, making customers feel comfortable and at ease during their visit.
Product Selection:
A wide variety of high-quality cannabis products should be available to cater to the diverse preferences and needs of customers.
Personalized Recommendations:
Budtenders should be able to make personalized recommendations based on the customer’s preferences, desired effects, and level of experience with cannabis.
Terpenes, Cannabinoids, and THC: Key Components of Cannabis
To provide an exceptional customer experience, it’s essential for dispensary staff to understand the key components of cannabis, including terpenes, cannabinoids, and THC percentages. These components play a significant role in the overall effects of cannabis and can help staff make tailored recommendations for customers.
Terpenes:
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis. They give each strain its unique aroma and taste, and they can also have therapeutic effects. There are over 100 different terpenes in cannabis, with some of the most common ones being myrcene, limonene, and pinene. Understanding the terpene profile of a specific strain can help staff recommend products based on the desired flavor and aroma, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits.
Cannabinoids:
Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds found in cannabis that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, producing various effects. Many Cannabis products advertise “full-spectrum” CBD, meaning that the product not only contains CBD, but can also contain the other cannabinoids as well as terpenes, essential oils, and up to 0.3% THC. There are over 100 different cannabinoids in cannabis, with THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) being the most well-known. THC is responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis, while CBD has various therapeutic effects without causing a “high.” Dispensary staff should be familiar with the different cannabinoids and their effects to help customers choose products based on their desired experience.
THC Percentages:
The THC percentage of a cannabis product indicates the concentration of THC, which largely determines the psychoactive effects of the product. Generally, higher THC percentages lead to more potent effects. However, it’s important to note that the overall effects of a cannabis product are influenced by other factors, such as the terpene profile and the presence of other cannabinoids. Dispensary staff should be able to explain the significance of THC percentages and guide customers in selecting products with appropriate potency levels.
Educating Customers and Tailoring Recommendations
Dispensary staff should prioritize educating customers about terpenes, cannabinoids, and THC percentages to help them make informed decisions about their purchases. By understanding these components, customers can better tailor their cannabis experience to their preferences and needs.
For example, a customer looking for a relaxing experience may be interested in a strain high in myrcene, a terpene known for its sedative and relaxing effects. In contrast, someone seeking a more uplifting and energizing experience might prefer a strain with a higher concentration of limonene, which is associated with elevated mood and increased energy. Additionally, customers with little to no experience with cannabis may prefer strains with lower THC percentages to avoid overwhelming psychoactive effects.
When assisting customers, dispensary staff should ask about their preferences, desired effects, and experience level with cannabis. Based on this information, they can recommend strains and products that align with the customer’s goals while considering the terpene profile, cannabinoid content, and THC percentage. This personalized approach can help customers feel more confident in their purchases and lead to a more satisfying experience.
For HR Professionals: Training and Development
To ensure that dispensary staff can effectively educate customers and provide tailored recommendations, it’s crucial for HR professionals to invest in comprehensive training and development programs. Training should cover a wide range of topics, including:
Cannabis Fundamentals:
Staff should have a solid understanding of cannabis basics, such as the differences between indica, sativa, and hybrid strains, and the various forms of cannabis product, methods of ingestion and their varying timing of effects (e.g., flower, edibles, concentrates, tinctures, and topicals, vaping, eating, and drinking).
Terpenes, Cannabinoids, and THC:
As discussed earlier, staff should be well-versed in the role of terpenes, cannabinoids, and THC percentages in determining the effects of cannabis products.
Customer Service Skills:
Staff should be trained in effective communication, active listening, and empathy to better understand and serve their customers.
Compliance and Regulations:
Dispensary staff should be knowledgeable about state and local regulations regarding cannabis sales, as well as safety protocols and best practices for handling cannabis products.
By providing thorough training and development opportunities, HR professionals can ensure that dispensary staff are equipped to deliver an exceptional customer experience.
The Role of Technology in Enhancing the Customer Experience
As the cannabis industry continues to grow and evolve, technology is playing an increasingly important role in enhancing the customer experience at dispensaries. In this section, we’ll explore several innovative technologies and tools that can help dispensary owners, managers, and staff provide an even better experience for their customers.
Point-of-Sale (POS) Systems:
Modern POS systems designed specifically for cannabis dispensaries can streamline the sales process and improve the customer experience. These systems can track customer preferences, manage inventory, calculate taxes, and ensure compliance with state and local regulations. By investing in a robust POS system, dispensaries can provide a more efficient and personalized service for their customers.
Digital Menus:
Instead of relying on printed menus that can quickly become outdated, dispensaries can use digital menus to display their product offerings. These menus can be easily updated to reflect current inventory, and they can also include detailed information about each product, such as terpene profiles, cannabinoid content, and THC percentages. By providing customers with easy access to this information, digital menus can help them make more informed decisions about their purchases.
Online Resources and Mobile Apps:
Dispensaries can enhance the customer experience by offering online resources and mobile apps that provide valuable information and tools related to cannabis consumption. For example, they can develop educational content about terpenes, cannabinoids, and THC percentages or create interactive tools that help customers determine their ideal dosage based on their preferences and experience level. By providing customers with access to these resources, dispensaries can support them in their cannabis journey and help them make more informed decisions.
Customer Engagement and Community Building
Another crucial aspect of providing an exceptional customer experience at cannabis dispensaries is fostering a sense of community and engagement among customers.
Events:
Hosting events such as product launches, tastings, and guest speaker sessions can provide customers with an opportunity to learn more about cannabis, sample new products, and connect with other like-minded individuals. These events can also help establish a dispensary as a trusted source of information and a hub for the local cannabis community.
Educational Workshops:
Dispensaries can offer workshops that focus on various aspects of cannabis, such as understanding terpenes, cannabinoids, and THC percentages, cooking with cannabis, or cultivating cannabis at home. These workshops can help customers gain a deeper understanding of cannabis and its various uses, ultimately improving their overall experience.
Social Media:
Actively engaging with customers on social media platforms can help dispensaries stay connected with their audience, provide real-time updates on products and promotions, and gather valuable feedback. Dispensaries can also use social media to share educational content, answer customer questions, and participate in industry-related conversations.
Loyalty Programs:
Dispensaries can implement loyalty programs that reward customers for their repeat business, encouraging them to return and further engage with the dispensary. Loyalty programs can include discounts, exclusive promotions, or early access to new products, and can be an effective way to strengthen the customer-dispensary relationship.
Focusing on the customer experience at cannabis dispensaries is crucial for building brand loyalty, attracting repeat business, and maintaining a competitive edge in the growing cannabis industry. Dispensary owners, managers, and budtenders must prioritize educating customers about terpenes, cannabinoids, and THC percentages to help them make informed decisions and tailor their cannabis experience to their preferences and needs. HR professionals play a key role in ensuring that staff receive comprehensive training and development, enabling them to provide exceptional service and create a positive customer experience. By investing in the customer experience, dispensaries can set themselves apart and thrive in the competitive cannabis market.
Committee Blog: A Novel Cannabinoid Conundrum – Loopholes, Liability, and Legislation
by Matthew Johnson and Doug Esposito members of NCIA’s Risk Management and Insurance Committee
For better or for worse, the cannabis industry is easily the most fascinating experiment in state regulation that this country has ever seen.
Rules vary widely from state to state.
Product testing requirements lack uniformity.
Packaging and labeling are a compliance nightmare.
State laws aren’t the only things that vary, though…
Product Liability definitions of what is even ‘covered’ by a cannabis insurance policy range widely between insurance companies. Now, a tidal wave of novel cannabinoid products threatens to upend the traditional American perception of cannabis – and possibly teach a few lackadaisical insurers an expensive lesson.
So, let’s delve into the issues associated with product liability and novel cannabinoids in the American cannabis industry…
American cannabis companies face a daunting task when it comes to navigating the complex and constantly evolving landscape of regulations governing the production, distribution, and sale of cannabis products. With 40 sets of rules governing different state markets, plus a handful of federally licensed businesses, ensuring compliance can seem like an insurmountable challenge.
One of the most significant issues facing cannabis companies is product liability, including the ongoing blight of product recalls. As with any consumer product, there is a risk of harm associated with the usage of cannabis products – things like adverse reactions, contamination, mislabeling, or improper dosage, to name a few. The legal and financial implications of product liability can be severe, including lawsuits, fines, and irreversible reputational damage. Given the complexity of the state-segregated cannabis supply chains and the lack of clear federal guidance, it is additionally challenging for companies to identify and mitigate potential risks.
Traditional cannabis companies must also contend with the emergence of novel cannabinoids. As researchers continue to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis, previously unknown cannabinoids are being discovered and brought into the mainstream. These compounds may have unique properties and potential therapeutic applications, but they also pose challenges in terms of safety and regulation. For example, some novel cannabinoids may be more potent or have different effects than traditional cannabinoids like THC and CBD. What’s worse, some novel cannabinoid products can even produce substances that are deleterious to human health (for example – the vaporization of THC-O Acetate produces toxic ketene gas).
The challenges associated with product liability and novel cannabinoids highlight the need for clear and consistent regulation of the cannabis and hemp industry. While some states have taken steps to create comprehensive regulatory frameworks for cannabis, the lack of federal guidance has created an incoherent patchwork of rules and regulations that can be difficult for even the most seasoned minds in compliance to navigate.
Without sensible and congruous regulations, companies may be forced to operate in a legal gray area, increasing the risk of non-compliance and potential harm to consumers. In fact, this is exactly what’s happening with the unregulated intoxicating cannabinoid market. A veritable alphabet soup of novel intoxicants like Delta-8 THC, THCP, THC-O Acetate, and others have sprung up to fill the gap in access perpetuated by the federal illegality of ‘normal’ marijuana products. Beyond that, some folks are synthesizing Delta-9 THC (the ‘normal’ THC molecule) from hemp and marketing it as if it were naturally occurring THC from marijuana.
These products are increasingly problematic for cannabis consumers. While intoxicating hemp-derived products are technically legal through a loophole in the Farm Bill, states have had to take action to ban or regulate novel cannabinoid products. The states that haven’t acted are effectively endorsing the sale of untested cannabis goods often derived from federally legal hemp. This means that novel cannabinoid products get a free pass in many areas for heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides, residual chemicals, and other contaminants that the regulated marijuana industry must monitor to maintain good standing with a state cannabis program.
As if varying state regulations weren’t enough, insurers’ definitions of what is considered ‘cannabis’ vary widely too. Some policy forms contemplate hemp-derived cannabinoids as ‘cannabis’ and some do not.
A few examples of policy wording are below:
Carrier A:
“Medical Marijuana means cannabis or marijuana, including constituents of cannabis, THC, and other cannabinoids, as a physician-recommended form of medicine or herbal therapy”
Carrier B:
Simple exclusion for ‘Hemp-Derived Intoxicating Cannabinoids’
Carrier C:
“Cannabis” means:
Any good or product that consists of or contains any amount of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or any other cannabinoid, regardless of whether any such THC or cannabinoid is natural or synthetic.
The paragraph above includes, but is not limited to, any of the following containing such THC or cannabinoid:
(1) any plant of the genus Cannabis, or any part thereof, such as seeds, stems, flowers, stalks and roots; or
(2) any compound, byproduct, extract, derivative, mixture or combination, such as, but not limited to:
(a) Resin, oil or wax;
(b) Hash or hemp; or
(c) Infused liquid or edible marijuana;
Whether or not derived from any plant or part of any plant set forth in the paragraph above.
From the get-go, you can infer a few things from these definitions/exclusions:
Carrier A: not an adult-use cannabis company’s best choice as it only defines ‘medical marijuana.’ This could leave the door open for potentially uncovered claims from recreational products.
Carrier B: insurance company is looking to protect itself from issues with the new wave of novel cannabinoid products – but specifically, only the dozen or so intoxicating cannabinoids that can legally be synthesized from hemp (without testing mandates in most states). An important takeaway is that this definition would cover non-intoxicating cannabinoids like CBN or CBC, even if they were derived from hemp.
Carrier C: this language is/was commonly used across a number of insurance carriers who cover cannabis. Their policies may carry some restrictions, but this broad definition of cannabis includes synthetic cannabinoids and could expose the carrier to major lawsuits.
Those with broader definitions that include all cannabis-derived products often restrict their product liability coverage in other ways. All things considered, the industry has a long way to go until the available product liability coverage can truly be called comprehensive.
To address these challenges, policymakers, industry leaders, and consumers must work together to create a regulatory framework that protects public health and safety while supporting the growth of the cannabis industry. This should include clear guidelines for product labeling, testing, and dosing to ensure that consumers have access to safe and accurately labeled cannabis products. It should also include provisions for product recalls and liability to protect consumers in the event of unexpected quality control issues.
Additionally, the framework should support ongoing research into the therapeutic potential of cannabis, including novel cannabinoids. This research should be conducted in a manner that ensures the safety and efficacy of new compounds before they are introduced to the market. By creating a robust regulatory framework that balances innovation with consumer protection, we can ensure that the cannabis industry continues to grow and evolve in a responsible and sustainable manner.
As risk professionals in this field, it’s our duty to convey the urgency of these issues and the need for action. By working together to create a regulatory framework that supports both innovation and consumer protection, we can ensure that the cannabis industry continues to thrive while safeguarding public health and safety.
It’s time for policymakers, industry leaders, and consumers to come together to address these critical challenges and build a sustainable future for the American cannabis marketplace that is inclusive of all the various products that can be developed from cannabis.
Matt Johnson leads the Risk Services division for QuadScore, the nation’s leading cannabis insurer. Matt works to keep the cannabis industry safe from unexpected losses through all manner of risk mitigation techniques, ranging from facility security assessments to fire protection improvements.
Matt has the unique ability to study the claims activity for hundreds of cannabis operators across virtually every active state in the USA. Through this lens, he can offer unique insights into the most common claims and how to prevent them.
In addition to learning from past mistakes, Matt also keeps an eye on future claims drivers from emerging areas such as hemp-derived novel cannabinoids. Before starting with QuadScore, Matt spent a number of years working for a Berkshire Hathaway insurance company.
Doug Esposito has been a Property & Casualty Specialist with AssuredPartners and leads the firm’s Renewable Energy and Cannabis Practice with specific expertise in these industries. Doug’s current cannabis & hemp practice clients include indoor/outdoor cultivators, manufacturers, distribution companies, dispensaries, non-storefront delivery, labs and property owners, so he knows what challenges are facing the growing industry and is skilled at providing solutions. Doug is also one of AssuredPartner’s experts in alternative risk mechanisms including self-insured and captives programs.
Doug currently serves as the Co-Chair of the California Cannabis Industry Associations’ (CCIA) Risk Management committee and serves on the National Cannabis Industry Associations’ (NCIA) Risk Management & Insurance Committee. He understands the importance and need to educate the insurance carriers and the public on the benefits of cannabis and hemp both medicinally and economically. “I truly respect the spirit of the industry’s medicinal origins and I’m committed to helping build this industry to reach new levels of growth, success, safety and acceptance,” shared Doug.
Member Blog: Quality Over Quantity – Why Stronger is Not Always Better
by Andrew Kaye, Sweet Leaf Madison Capital
Over the last 15 years, cannabis has seemingly catapulted away from the days of schwag and dirt weed. Today, we are seeing THC levels well beyond percentages that were displayed in dispensaries 10 years ago when cannabis first became legal in certain states. Advancements in technology, a better understanding of growing cannabis, and strain cloning has allowed for growers and chemists alike to fine-tune the plant to offer more bang for our buck – but not everyone needs to blast off every time they light up, right?
Right.
Recently, there has been a shift in the way we approach cannabis use, especially for medicinal purposes – proper dosing is everything. These stronger strains that have been Frankensteined together to ensure a potent one-hit high making it nearly impossible to provide a controlled dose for someone just looking for a chill evening or relief from their chronic pain. Granted, these strains have their place among seasoned tokers, but for others who are novice cannabis enthusiasts or patients looking for a treatment, stronger does not necessarily mean better. More intention should be put toward partaking, and it is as simple as asking yourself a few questions: How do I want to feel? What do I want to do? Where am I going? What hurts? Who is part of the experience?
Realistically, when was the last time you went to the bar to enjoy a casual night out with friends and started throwing back tequila shots until your knees buckled?
Hopefully, you are not recounting a night where that happened, but if so, you can probably guarantee that you would not put yourself in that situation again, at least not right away. Be honest with yourself, answer the questions above and chat with budtenders to find the best solution for you.
Knowledge is Your Best Friend
For a lot of people entering dispensaries for the first time, they see these high THC numbers and equate it to a better high, but the reality is that cannabis potency can be attributed to more than the THC percentage. Terpenes, differing cannabinoids and other compounds found within the plant also play a major role in how strong the strain is and what effect it has on your body and mind. Think of the subtlety of wine versus the kick of jello shots.
This is why it is important to talk with budtenders to better understand which strain is going to work best for what you are seeking. The problem today is that dispensaries are experiencing high turnover rates, as 55% of budtenders who held jobs over the last year left within 12 months of starting, according to a Headset market report. Losing seasoned employees not only impacts the store itself, but customer service tends to take a hit (no, not that type of hit). Inexperienced budtenders might be rushed to the counter without proper training, leading to misguided direction and customers walking away with flower or edibles that will send them to space, or to a space that they did not intend to go. Again, there is nothing wrong with having highly potent strains, but making and distributing them comes with a responsibility toward customer and patient care. As more states migrate to adult use cannabis, many are abandoning the medical dispensary model and focusing on high-profit strains, not curative or palliative care. Dispensaries need to ensure they are properly onboarding and training new employees to provide the best service possible.
The Future of Cannabis
As science improves and technology becomes more refined, cannabis potency is going to continue to go up, but it also means that mid- and low-potency strains will get better. If you look at the craft beer industry, the days of high abv IPAs and stouts are slowly fading and more focus is being put on taste and balance.
Since 2014, there has been an almost “gold rush” mentality where growers were fine-tuning their product at a high rate to offer a better punch than their competitors, but in 2023, after nearly 10 years of legal cannabis, customers are looking to refine their tastes and highs.
For most, the quality of the strain is going to be far more beneficial than the quantity of THC, but at the end of the day it is all preference. So do yourself a favor the next time your supply is low and chat with budtenders – lean on their expertise and compare with your own research. Try different strains along the potency spectrum and really consider taste. No one consumer is the same; make your experience yours. The higher the price is not always the nicer the nice.
Andrew Kaye has been involved in all aspects of the financial services industry, as a fund portfolio investment manager, investment banker, family office investor and attorney. He has worked with start-ups on their first raise through global enterprises undertaking billion-dollar stock offerings, and has significant investment experience in the cannabis industry. Currently, Andrew works as Sweet Leaf Madison Capital’s Chief Commercial Officer. Lending his expertise toward the creation of middle market financing solutions for real estate and equipment financing needs in the cannabis space.”
“Sweet Leaf Madison Capital provides non-dilutive, asset-based lending solutions to the underserved middle market of the cannabis industry by originating real estate loans, equipment financing, securitized term loans, and more for entrepreneurs and businesses. The company is based in Denver, Colorado and has offices in New York City and West Palm Beach, Florida. To learn more or complete a loan application, visit Sweet Leaf Madison Capital online, or continue the conversation on LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook.”
Andrew J. Kaye is Chief Commercial Officer of Sweet Leaf Madison Capital. He can be reached at akaye@sweetleafmadison.com.
Member Blog: Evaporation is Costing the Cannabis Industry Millions. Here’s Everything You Need to Know.
As cannabis ages, many of its therapeutic components degrade and transform into less effective compounds. Here’s everything you need to know about cannabis degradation, how the compounds are affected, and a few ways to restore products that have seen better days.
How long do cannabis and hemp buds stay fresh?
Cannabis is made up of various naturally occurring chemical compounds, including cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, lipids, and fibers. Just like all organic materials, these components break down and degrade over time.
Think about your favorite fruits. Fresh oranges for example, will eventually rot as they age and their molecular compounds break down. When exposed to light, their outer layers start to spoil in a process known as photodegradation that causes discoloration and loss of flavor, vitamins, and proteins.
Further enzymatic chemical reactions occur and transform water, vitamins, and other molecules into different formations that can degrade even further with added heat or moisture loss. The oranges will lose their zesty aroma, sweet flavor and will be more susceptible to microbes, which will eventually cause the fruit to spoil. That said, dried fruits can be stored in a pantry for much longer before they’re no longer safe to eat as the “conditioning” or “curing” process can make them shelf-stable for up to a year.
Like dried fruits, cannabis and hemp undergo a curing process that helps to equalize the moisture content among the buds. This process reduces the risk of mold and spoilage while keeping the flower fresh, flavorful, and potent. Following this process correctly can keep cannabis and hemp flower “fresh” for 3-6 months or longer if stored properly. However, even with the most disciplined processes and practitioners, eventually, all organic materials begin to break down from exposure to the elements.
Much like our dried oranges example above, cannabis and hemp stored in suboptimal conditions are more susceptible to “rot” and can lose everything that makes them special. Light and temperature can contribute to the degradation of these natural features, but the biggest factor in terpene degradation is moisture content – or the lack of it. Moisture helps to preserve these compounds for prolonged periods of time.
What happens to the terpene profile and moisture content of cannabis and hemp over time?
On average, 12% of all cannabis and hemp biomass is moisture. As that moisture evaporates, it takes valuable terpenes and other essential oils with it leading to dry and brittle plant matter. Terpenes are naturally occurring chemical compounds found in plants that are responsible for their unique aromas and flavors. They also add and help preserve moisture. Cannabis and hemp contain an unparalleled profile of 100+ different terpene isolates that all evaporate at different rates based on temperature and humidity.
While live terpenes smell most potent during the flowering phase, terpene degradation starts immediately after the buds are cut from the stem. This happens because terpene oils, especially the most pleasant ones found in tiny amounts, tend to have low-temperature tolerance thresholds and evaporation levels. Once these terpenes have evaporated they will not be replaced by the living plant after cutting. This is why curing and storage is so important post-harvest. The curing stage allows for the terpene profile to mature but, even during this process terpene potency will continue to weaken.
When flower is stored below 50-55% RH (Relative Humidity) it leads to the fragile cannabinoid and terpene-rich trichomes to become brittle and break off. This lowers potency and causes the terpenes to evaporate with the remaining moisture content. The longer cannabis and hemp are stored in these conditions, the less potent, flavorful, and aromatic they become. On the other hand, going over 65% RH is in the danger zone of where mold can thrive and wreck a harvest with bona fide rot.
Who is affected by terpene and moisture degradation?
In short, terpene degradation affects everyone. Growers see the most significant profit loss as evaporation can take pounds and pounds of cannabis away from their final numbers in as little as 14 days. Dispensaries also see a loss of profit as the flowers dry during transit and while sitting on the shelf, making it so that they paid for more than what they actually ended up selling to their customers.
In the end, consumers are eventually the ones left holding the bag. Not only is the flower at its highest degradation stage by the time it gets into their hands but loss in weight can turn a pre-packaged 3.5g eighth into 3.15 grams or less.
The example in the graphic below outlines how moisture degradation affects both yields and profit.
How can you stop your cannabis from drying out?
Using orange peels and pieces of bread for rehydration used to be the norm in what feels like ages ago. In the more recent past, cultivators, dispensaries, and consumers alike have relied heavily on moisture-control products like Boveda brand or Boost brand humidity packs. These products can help to keep moisture in the 50-65% optimal range. However, they do have their drawbacks.
The humidity packs have a definite shelf life and in extremely dry conditions, they can’t keep up with the rate of evaporation – almost to the point where many claim they don’t actually work. While they can help maintain some moisture content, they can’t rehydrate buds that have gone below the 50% humidity threshold. This makes them closer to a moisture stabilizer of sorts than a moisture booster or replenisher. Beyond using the aforementioned “ancient ways” to rehydrate abused cannabis flower, these packs have been the only option available to the industry.
However, recently a new product on the market called the “Cure-Egg” has been making waves and has been proving invaluable when it comes to product reclamation and preservation. The Cure-Egg’s patented ergonomic design and utility works in a similar way to the hydration packs but boasts the ability to rapidly rehydrate biomass in a few days’ time while staying under the mold growth threshold.
In addition to its ability to quickly rehydrate cannabis and hemp flower it also comes with the added benefit of terpene infusion to counteract terpene loss. Oftentimes beautiful-looking flower is grown but it somehow misses the mark when it comes to the nose. This product could be a game-changer for farms, dispensaries or anyone sitting on older product that has lost its zing from prolonged storage or errors in production.
Users are quickly finding out that they can take less than premium flower destined for the world of “affordable pre-rolls” and easily turn them into a flavor and aroma-packed desirable product that doesn’t have to come at a discounted price. Time will tell if this product will become the next industry staple but one thing is for certain, innovative new products are definitely shaking things up.
Peak Supply Co provides the first true all in one solution providing terpenes, vape cartridges, package design and production, helping clients progress from starting creative to finished product.
As we make our way closer to 2022, the world is also entering a new paradigm for the cannabis industry. Due to advancing global legalization efforts, cannabis use is gaining mainstream acceptance for the first time in history. With these shifting perspectives also comes the rapid deterioration of traditional stereotypes.
Today, cannabis is not only widely regarded as a legitimate medicine, but many people also look to it as a performance tool. To this end, the endorsement of the herb by pro athletes, media icons, and high-powered executives has again turned our conceptions of cannabis on its head.
With such rapidly shifting perspectives, we are witnessing a monumental moment in time where propaganda is being replaced with factual evidence. As things evolve, active people are not only endorsing legalization, but many swear by cannabis as a performance tool.
Indica and Sativa
The more places that legalize cannabis around the world, the more opportunities we have to study cannabis in controlled settings. As our knowledge expands, so does our ability to use specific compounds in cannabis to aid particular activities.
In the early days of legalization, broad terms such as “Indica” and “Sativa” were used to describe just about every attribute of cannabis – including both product descriptions and psychoactive effects. To this end, Indicas are widely accepted as calming, while Sativas are known to be energetic.
Terpenes & Strains
While the effects of Sativas and Indicas are still widely accepted across the industry, we are also beginning to see a much more nuanced approach to cannabis consumption. Especially when it comes to performance, a more granular perspective of cannabis is necessary.
To maximize the performance benefits of cannabis, it’s critical to understand the constituent parts of the cannabis flower. By understanding the effects of different strains and cannabinoids, and terpenes, people can better choose the right products for their performance needs.
Notable cannabinoids and terpenes and their effects:
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): Cannabinoid that provides energy and focus during activities helps boost creativity. Pain reliever after physical activity.
Cannabidiol (CBD): Cannabinoid that relieves anxiety before and during performances. Pain reliever and anti-inflammatory agent after physical activity.
Cannabigerol (CBG): Cannabinoid, which promotes motivation and stimulates pleasure. Pain reliever and anti-inflammatory agent after physical activity.
CLS Holdings’ own City Trees developed several popular products based on the effects of certain cannabinoids and terpenes. Their Calm, Relief, Rest, and Energy distillate vape cartridges offer simplified shopping experiences for new cannabis consumers. By building product messaging around the effects of the products, they help people understand exactly what they are purchasing.
Physical & Mental Performance
While a detailed assessment of the compounds found in cannabis can go a long way, you must also account for your specific performance needs when finding the right cannabis product. Depending on how your body and mind react with cannabis, you can utilize it to help with physical activities and cerebral pursuits.
Whether you are interested in feeling more energized for your workout routine or getting the creative juices flowing for a writing assignment, there is likely a cannabinoid and terpene combination to suit your needs.
Olympic gold medalist snowboarder Ross Regalati swears by cannabis during both training and competition. The famous Canadian snowboarder feels cannabis “improves concentration” and is great for training because flowers are both “fat-free and calorie-free.” While no longer a professional snowboarder, Regaliti is still a world-class athlete. Today, his choice cannabis strain for exercise is the Sativa-dominant hybrid Bruce Banner.
The famous female vocalist Alanis Morisette swears by cannabis as part of the creative process. In an interview with High Times, she states, “As an artist, there’s a sweet jump-starting quality to [marijuana] for me… So if I ever need some clarity… or a quantum leap in terms of writing something, it’s a quick way for me to get to it.” Morisette can utilize the right cannabis product for her needs and push through creative boundaries and explore new territories.
Tips for Finding the Perfect Fit
While studying different terpene profiles and cannabinoids is a great way to learn about the effects of cannabis, you also need to consider your physiology. Notably, a cannabis product that works well for one person won’t necessarily do the same with another.
For example, if you are an introverted, anxiety-prone person, using an energetic strain like Diesel for a social situation might not be a good idea. In this case, a mellow Indica CBD hybrid like Cannatonic might be just what you need to feel relaxed and engaged. Yet, a naturally extroverted person would likely enjoy an energetic strain for social situations and need the CBD hybrid to wind down at the end of the day.
If you aren’t sure what cannabis products will work for you, we recommend visiting a credible dispensary with well-trained budtenders. Once you have sound recommendations, always start small when experimenting with new cannabis products. With a bit of careful trial and error, you will likely discover cannabis products that can help you with anything from enhancing your workout to stimulating your sex life.
Summary
Having been on pain management therapies since the age of 17 for my Kyphosis, I now rely solely on concentrated cannabis extracts to manage my pain and keep my Activities of Daily Living at peak performance. Being diagnosed at 17, I was prescribed 1x Hydrocodone per day to manage my pain. By the time I graduated from Pharmacy School, I was taking 18 pills a day (540/month) to manage my pain and the side effects of other medications. It’s been 8 years since I’ve taken a prescribed medication and cannabis and cannabis products have replaced every medication that I was on prior. I’m grateful and humbled to be a key member of a team that produces the very own products I use to manage my health and wellness.
Looking back just a few short years to the genesis of legal cannabis, it’s remarkable to see how far we have come. In the industry’s early days, people didn’t have the luxury to match a specific cannabis product to a particular performance need. Not only was our knowledge of cannabis not sophisticated enough to accomplish this task, but Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) were still lacking in the early days.
As our knowledge of cannabis continues to expand, so does our ability to make informed decisions on the products we use. Whether you are a trail runner who enjoys a Sativa before you head to the mountains, or a musician who likes to settle into practice with hybrid flowers, some careful study will lead you to the right products for your performance needs.
During this period of rapid change, it’s exhilarating to see negative stereotypes of lazy cannabis users finally being upended. Even more, it’s incredible to witness pro athletes, high-powered executives, and famous artists not only advocate for legalization but openly promote cannabis as a performance tool.
Dr. Monaco is the Director of Laboratory Operations forCLS Holdings’ newly opened approximately $4 million laboratory, and is responsible for all day-to-day operations inside the North Las Vegas facility. Dr. Monaco brings over 8 years of licensed & regulated cannabis experience, starting back in 2012 when medical marijuana first opened in Arizona, he has held numerous positions, with escalating responsibilities year over year. He graduated from the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, in Tucson, Arizona, with a Doctor of Pharmacy in 2010.
Committee Blog: Cannabis And Cancer – As We Go Forward (Part 1)
No part of the following information should be construed as medical advice on the part of NCIA.
As a cannabis industry professional, you’ve probably been asked the question: “Is it true that cannabis cures cancer?” If we know someone who has cancer and benefited from using cannabis, we may say “cannabis aids in the treatment of cancer.” However, medical research has not indicated that cannabis cures cancer. NCIA’s Scientific Advisory Committee is reviewing the scientific data related to cannabis as an additional treatment to traditional care in the management of cancer.
Our three-part blog aims to give you accurate andup to date information about cannabis and cancer by looking at the federal regulations governing cannabis research; reviewing past, current, and future research; a review of how our cells and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) work together to disable cancerous cells; and looking at institutions involved in cannabis studies.
According to the CDC, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States and second on the WeedMaps list of most common conditions that qualify you for a medical cannabis card. This is interesting, but really not a surprise as archeological evidence suggests this sacred plant has been used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. According to the Pen Tsao Ching, written nearly 5,000 years ago, cannabis is recommended for many of the same diseases and conditions that occupy the current composite qualifying lists in the states where cannabis is legal for medical purposes. This history magnifies the significance of the endocannabinoid system, a little-known, but incredibly important system that maintains balance in our bodies at the cellular level.
Cancer is a disease that begins when the cells of our body go completely out of balance. Instead of following the instructions of their genes, cancer cells become destructive to the body they live in. Cancer starts when one or a small group of cells begin growing out of control. It takes many forms, including blood cancers (leukemia, lymphomas), bone cancer, skin cancer, and solid tumors (e.g., stomach, lung, breast, prostate, ovary). Depending on how aggressive the cancer is, it may metastasize, meaning it can spread throughout the body.
Cancer Diagnosis
If you or someone you know is diagnosed with cancer, always get a second opinion. Be sure when choosing a doctor or Cancer Center that they have solid knowledge of all treatment options for your type of cancer, and understand that diet and lifestyle are critically important for healing.
If you want to use cannabis as a cancer treatment, find a doctor who is knowledgeable about how cannabis can affect the metabolism and effectiveness of chemotherapy and understands the invaluable medicinal benefits. For example, cannabis can alleviate symptoms associated with cancer treatments including pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, numbness, tingling, and anxiety. A summary of patterns of cannabis use among cancer patients in the United States can be found here, along with a brief review about patterns of use of medical cannabis among Israeli cancer patients.
Cancer treatment depends largely on the type of cancer, its stage, and what your doctor recommends. The most common treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. There are several more advanced treatment options but few insurance companies cover them. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy have significant and unpleasant side effects because healthy cells are often destroyed in the process of killing cancer cells.
The Current State of Cannabis and Cancer Research
Under the existing political and legal landscape, cannabis research has faced multiple hurdles. Currently, little to no research on the medical benefits of cannabis has been done in federally funded institutions due to its federal illegality.
The most serious hurdle is the lack of experimental data proving there is great medicinal value in the plant. Even so, there are numerous physicians, scientists, and other professionals who believe there is no plant on earth with greater medicinal value than cannabis.
Next Steps in Cannabis Research
Hopefully, more clinical trials will be performed as political and legal requirements are improved and clarified.
The National Cancer Institute hosted a“Cannabis and Cannabinoids and Cancer Research Symposium”in December 2020 to “address current barriers to research and strategies to navigate these hurdles to ensure the feasibility of rigorous studies designed to address gaps in knowledge as well as potential research opportunities in the area of cancer-related cannabis research.”
In essence, we’re missing consistent and reproducible evidence that cannabis can treat cancer and treat the side effects of conventional cancer treatments. Also, we need more doctors educated on cannabis use amongst patients with cancer. Oncologists (cancer doctors) want more information about medical marijuana and cannabis.
Recent surveys reveal 30% of oncologists feel they can advise their patients about cannabis formulations in conjunction with their therapy.
The majority of oncologists as well as the American Cancer Society state, “do not forgo conventional therapy in favor of cannabis products only.” Dr. Donald Abrams, an integrative oncologist, discussed this issue in an article, “Should Oncologists Recommend Cannabis?’
In our next blog post, we will explain how the ECS and cells in our bodies interact with cannabis to disable threats from cancer cells.
Ann Allworth, PhD, is a cell biologist, who for more than 35 years has been educating adults, first in medical schools as an anatomy professor; then in the natural product industry, teaching the immense value of phytonutrient-rich foods and herbs to optimal health and well-being. Upon learning of the endocannabinoid system, she founded Cannabis Education Solutions, a company dedicated to illuminating minds to the vast nature of the endocannabinoid system and its unparalleled role in human health. Ann is now semi-retired and will soon be making a transition to a partnership in a new organization involved in medical cannabis advocacy.
Cynthia Shelby-Lane, MD, is an emergency physician, board-certified in anti-aging and functional medicine, and a certified Marijuana Doctor practicing medicine in Detroit, Michigan. Dr. Shelby-Lane has certified more than 10,000 medical cannabis patients in the State of Michigan. She coaches patients on their use of cannabis in conjunction with their current medications and medical conditions. She has been a member of NCIA and the Scientific Advisory Committee for the past five years, in addition to membership in multiple cannabis associations and organizations. She speaks at conferences/webinars and in the community on the use and benefits of cannabis and the evolving landscape of cannabis research. Dr. Shelby-lane has worked closely with the Last Prisoner Project.
Committee Blog: Cannabis Classification and the Role of Terpenes
Cannabis is thought to have originally been domesticated in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. As humans started exploring the world, they brought the plant with them, and the plant needed to adapt to the different climates in order to thrive. This gave rise to many of the cultivars (or “strains”) we deem as “landrace,” allowing some subspecies of the cannabis plant to naturally start propagating. Since plant breeding didn’t become en vogue for thousands of years until Gregor Mendel’s work with pea plants, these natural cultivars were able to gain great genetic fitness, as well as become genetically diverse from other landrace strains as they adapted to their specific, often isolated, environments analogously to the finches of the Galapagos Islands.
We are all familiar with indica and sativa. With growing popularity of plant breeding and creating crosses of indica-dominant and sativa-dominant strains, we have largely lost true landrace cultivars that are 100% one way or the other. Almost every strain sold in the modern market is a hybrid, featuring a mixture of indica-derived and sativa-derived genes. Did you know that indica and sativa designations focus more on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics (e.g. height, leaf shape/color, and branch formation), rather than genotype, the unique DNA sequence of an organism?
In cool and dry climates, the cannabis plant leaves are broader and there is less space between branches. This creates a shorter, more compact plant that is better able to retain heat and moisture. The broad leaves help maximize photosynthesis on the otherwise short-statured indica-dominant plants. If you instead look at a warmer climate, you will see the plants grow much taller and thinner. They grow up and out more so that they can easily dissipate the heat and moisture in these warmer regions. The branches of the sativa-dominant plants are also longer and the leaves have more nodes, though they are thinner than that of an indica plant. All of these characteristics may also help prevent mold growth on a sativa-dominant plant due to better air flow within the plant.
Since indica and sativa classifications are more likely to indicate landrace phenotypes and the climate in which the cannabis plant grew in, new methods of classification are being explored to better express to consumers and patients the effects of the cannabis or cannabis-infused product they are using. For example, Leafly launched a new way for their website to categorize cannabis strains that considers terpene profiles, rather than labeling them as indica, sativa, or hybrid. Since terpenes are produced in plants other than cannabis, a description based on terpene profiles is the most compelling option, as research can be done on the effects of terpenes produced by other sources. While the entourage effect in cannabis is likely important to its variable uses in medicine, more research is warranted to fully understand the effect.
Terpenes and Terpenoids
Terpenes are plant constituents that impart olfactory, gustatory, and medicinal properties to plants. These Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are “Generally Recognized as Safe” by the FDA and are composed of repeating isoprene units arranged head-to-tail to create the over 200 terpenes known to be produced in the cannabis plant. These terpenes are found in other plants as well. Terpenes generally come in three varieties depending on how many isoprene units are used to construct them: monoterpenes are composed of two isoprene units, sesquiterpenes of three units, and diterpenes of four units.
The term “terpenoid” is often used interchangeably with the term “terpene.” The difference is terpenoids are modified terpenes that contain oxygen, while terpenes are hydrocarbons containing only hydrogen and carbon. This modification usually occurs through either the movement or loss of a methyl (-CH3) group or, more commonly in cannabis, through its interaction with oxygen during the drying/curing process. As such, “terpenoids” are more correctly used to describe smokable flower, whereas “terpene” is more accurate when describing the compounds when they are being produced by the living plant.
Terpenes have three main purposes: environmental adaptation, the repulsion and destruction of predators, and the attraction of pollinators. Monoterpenes, such as limonene and α-pinene, tend to predominate in the flower portion of plants and have been shown to repel herbivorous insects in Arabidopsis thaliana, often used as a model organism of the cannabis plant, due to their volatile aromatic properties. Sesquiterpenes, on the other hand, have a bitter taste and deter larger plant-eating organisms, due to their predominance in the leaves of a plant. The sticky nature of terpenes also helps to trap bugs as they move around on the plant. From the perspective of cannabis, humans have shown to be excellent pollinators as illustrated by the diverse cannabis strains available at your local dispensary.
Terpenes are strongly inherited from parent plants and are not often affected by environmental factors over the short term. Terpene profiles, therefore, can be used to help distinguish between indica-dominant and sativa-dominant classifications due to the ratio of individual terpenes’ stimulating or sedating properties. Below are descriptions of some of the most common and best-researched terpenes. The summation of sedating and stimulating terpenes produced by the plant will determine whether the net effect of consumption will have more “indica” properties or more “sativa” properties.
α-pinene is one of the most common terpenes found in nature occurring in pine trees as well as many common spices such as rosemary, basil, and dill. Along with its role as an insect repellant, it has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. It has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter which can stimulate cognitive functions. This will cause α-pinene to have more of a stimulating effect.
Limonene is another common terpene found in citrus fruits. It has been shown to help with anxiety and depression by increasing dopamine and serotonin levels in the brains of mammals. Limonene has also been shown to increase alertness as well as help with weight loss and relief of gastric distress.
β-myrcene is one of the most common terpenes found in cannabis, though it is also found in hops and mangos. It gives off an earthy aroma of cloves and has been shown to have pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties in mice. Due to its sedating effects, it was thought to be a reliable indicator of indica strains; however, recent studies have shown that this terpene is equally present in both indica and sativa strains. The sedating properties are responsible for the ”couch-lock” effect some people experience when consuming certain cannabis strains.
β-caryophyllene has a dual use in protecting plants from grazing species since it both attracts insect predators as well as repels grazing insects. It is commonly found in spices such as black pepper and oregano and has a spicy flavor. It can act as a gastro-protective agent and is helpful in fighting stomach ulcers. It has also been shown to help combat symptoms of opioid addiction, through a process called opioid sparing. β-caryophyllene selectively activates CB2 receptors, the cannabinoid receptor primarily found in muscle tissue as opposed to brain tissue which is generally high in CB1 receptors. Due to this, it has more physically sedating properties making it a common terpene found in more indica-leaning strains.
Linalool is a terpenoid alcohol commonly found in lavender. It is a highly sedating phytochemical that is coveted for its anti-anxiety properties. It also helps as an antidepressant since it assists in serotonin-receptor transmission. As an anti-epileptic, it helps to modulate motor movements, presumably due to its sedating properties. When applied topically, it has been shown to help heal skin burns as well as treat acne.
Through a combination of these terpenes and the other 200+ terpenes found in the cannabis plant, we get a balancing act between sedating and stimulating properties. And since everything is technically a hybrid now, the cannabis industry should strongly consider other ways to categorize different cultivars, rather than just indica or sativa, to better educate the consumer on its effects.
The Scientific Advisory Committee is comprised of practicing chemists and other scientific field professionals to advise other NCIA committees as they work to develop standards and guidelines for the various sectors of our industry, ensuring that any formal recommendations produced by other NCIA committees are scientifically sound, sustainable, and legitimate.
Video: Member Spotlight – WonderLeaf
In this month’s video member spotlight, we headed to Aurora, Colorado, to visit with the family-owned team at the WonderLeaf facility, founded in 2015. WonderLeaf products feature full-spectrum cannabinoids and strain-specific extractions. Learn more about WonderLeaf’s values of educating the consumer through budtender education tools, including information about the terpenes and cannabinoid profiles of their products.
Member Blog: The Differences Between Strain Specific Terpenes, Terpene Enhanced Flavors, and E-Juice Flavoring
As the nation’s largest wholesale terpene provider, we spend a lot of time getting to know the needs and wants of our customers. One of the biggest questions our new clients have refers to the flavor profiles of our terpenes. More specifically, people are wondering why our strain-specific terpenes (like Banana Sherbet, Cherry Pie, and Cookies & Cream) don’t taste like the real sugary sweet confections that go by the same name.
There is a slight misconception when it comes to terpenes. Many people expect terpenes to work like e-juice in a vaporizer to make whatever you’re smoking taste like something else. While it isn’t uncommon for vape juice to taste like Skittles, cinnamon rolls, mojitos, and orange juice, terpenes don’t. There are no additional additives like sugar or artificial flavors in the terpenes that’ll make a hash pen or oil taste just like fruit, candy, and cake. It’s best to only use what nature gives us!
Here’s the difference between isolated terpenes and wholesale versus e-juice for vaporizers, as well as a quick rundown on flavor enhanced terpenes to help you or your customer make a more educated purchase:
What are terpenes?
Terpenes are organic compounds found in all plants that are responsible for giving the plant – from blueberry bushes to pine trees – its distinct smell. The unique smell helps plants existing in the wild to attract pollinators and ward off predators. Terpenes are the primary source of the resin and trichome production in cannabis, and they are created in the same glands that produce CBD and THC. That being said, marijuana can create its own combinations of terpenes. No two plants smell exactly the same.
Terpenes are also responsible for several medical benefits and adult uses. When they’re combined with some of the different cannabinoids found in cannabis, they can create what is known as the entourage effect. The entourage effect is what gives strains of cannabis a variety of different effects since the flavor profiles can come about from an almost infinite number of terpene combinations.
In layman’s terms, terpenes are so useful because they can be blended seamlessly with each other. This gives enthusiasts more control over what they taste and feel when they vape. Cannabis contains over 100 different terpenes that offer unique effects.
Liquid terpene products and extracts typically contain a combination of terpenes found in cannabis. Some products will have more of an indica profile (like Blackberry Kush) while others will have more of a Sativa (Clementine) or Hybrid (Banana Kush) profile. This helps to encourage the specific physical effects you’ve come to expect from cannabis.
What is e-juice?
The e-juice, vape juice, and e-liquids can be used in vapes and electronic cigarettes to create actual vapor. Most of the time, e-juice contains nicotine though many flavored e-juices don’t contain any. E-juices come in a ton of different flavors that cater to just about everyone, from people with intense tobacco cravings to people with a sweet tooth. E-juice is made with propylene glycol or vegetable glycerin, flavoring (often with terpenes, but usually artificial) and water. Vape juices that are made with propylene glycol are more likely to irritate your throat while you smoke it. On the other hand, e-juices made with vegetable glycerin are more likely to add a thick layer of sweetness to the vapor.
This is where a lot of the misconception kicks in. Since some vape juices made with vegetable glycerin are sugary sweet and taste like candy, many people assume that terpenes by themselves are responsible for the flavoring. By adding terpenes to e-juice, you can achieve a variety of different and new flavors. However, the terpenes won’t add anything artificial.
Natural terpenes vs. artificial flavors
E-juice, hash oil and CBD isolate can all benefit from adding terpenes and flavonoids to the mix. While marijuana has one of the most extensive ranges of flavor profiles in the plant kingdom, it will never naturally taste like cake, blue raspberry, or piña colada. Those are artificial flavors that have no natural terpene representation in the plant kingdom. Essentially, that just means that if you want blue raspberry vape cartridges, you’ll need to get artificial flavoring and avoid terpenes. Terpenes won’t be able to come close in taste and umami to that artificial flavor that doesn’t exist anywhere naturally.
Natural terpenes are becoming increasingly popular to add to cartridges, oils, and vaporizers. These are natural flavors that mimic the natural terpene profiles of cannabis strains. Natural terpenes are an excellent option if you’re trying to give your products an extra burst of flavor. For example, a processor wants to make the perfect Blue Dream cartridge, though the cannabis used for the extraction didn’t taste as vibrantly blueberry as the processor hoped. To achieve that ideal Blue Dream flavor profile, they could add a close match of terpenes found in the Blue Dream strain profile. The terpenes can add the sweet, summer-berry flavor the cannabis extract may be missing to the mix. That will allow the processor to create a tastier product with no side effects.
Overall, you should choose terpenes if you want to mimic natural flavors found in cannabis. You should select artificial flavors if you want something to taste like something unnatural or extra sweet.
What are flavor-enhanced terpenes?
Flavor-enhanced terpenes are the best of both worlds. While e-juice is more often artificially flavored, it often tastes better than terpenes alone. Flavor enhanced terpenes are terpenes extracted from cannabis with extra flavoring added in. Flavor enhanced terpenes offer the natural health benefits of natural terpenes but with the added benefit of tasting delicious. Our line of flavor enhanced terpenes includes fruit flavors like Ripe Strawberry and Berries and Cream as well as non-fruit flavors like breakfast cereals and pastries.
Do strain-specific terpene flavors really taste like the strain they’re based on?
Flavor is subjective and depends on things like classic tastes, aromatic chemicals, and the taster’s mood and physiology. Strain-specific terpenes are scientifically formulated to mimic the real strain’s natural terpene ratios.
To create strain specific terpene extracts, we primarily identify the terpene ratios commonly found in the strains and reverse engineer the process while removing the cannabinoids from the mix. It’s best to start by testing real cannabis at a certified lab. Then recreate that flower’s terpene profile in the lab and test the formula against real cannabis flowers. If the terpene profile doesn’t make the cut, it doesn’t get sold.
Our strain-specific terpenes are designed to match the terpene profiles of the flowers we extract these essential oils from. Just because they’re named Birthday Cake and Biscottidoesn’t mean they’ll taste like the real thing. However, they do taste like the real cannabis strain since their terpene profiles match.
Terpenes Vs. E-Juice: TL;DR
If you’re just here for a quick answer, here’s the difference between natural terpenes and vape juice.
All plants naturally produce terpenes.
E-juice or vape juice is often artificially flavored
Artificial flavors are not terpenes. They don’t exist anywhere naturally and are created synthetically.
Strain-specific terpenes are reverse engineered to mimic natural terpene profiles of cannabis strains
Strain-specific terpenes contain no artificial flavorings
Strain-specific terpenes will taste like the cannabis strain, not the food or fruit it’s named after. For example, Chocolate Cookies tastes like hash, spice, and coffee, just like the cannabis strain. It doesn’t taste sugary sweet and chocolatey.
If you want the best of both worlds, try flavor enhanced terpenes to get the benefit of terpenes and the flavor of e-juice.
Everyone has different taste and smell preferences, but now you should be able to find the best fit when looking for that perfect terpene blend.
Nicole Flanigan is one of the newest additions to the Peak Supply Co family. Her knowledge base on terpenes and cannabinoids has helped throughout the educational process. Nicole is a Colorado-based content marketing professional who has dedicated her life to cannabis awareness, advocation, and education. When she’s not writing or developing something groundbreaking for her clients, she enjoys growing cannabis organically and hiking all over Colorado with her two huskies. Peak Supply Co provides the first true all in one solution providing terpenes, vape cartridges, package design and production, helping clients progress from starting creative to finished product.
Member Blog: The Most Important Things to Consider When Purchasing Bulk or Wholesale Hemp Derived Phytocannabinoids
Folium Biosciences hemp farms are some of the largest in the USA. Location: La Junta, CO.
Hemp, more than any other plant on Earth, is unique in its ability to literally suck the heavy metals and toxic waste out of the environment. Hemp is even being used in phytoremediation at Chernobyl in Russia. What does this mean to consumers of hemp products? Knowing as much information as possible about your hemp is crucial to understanding its legality, limitations, and effectiveness.
Hemp from China, for example, contains some of the most dangerous heavy metals in the world. According to a 2011 study of Chinese hemp strains, the plant was able to absorb dangerously high levels of the heavy metal cadmium without detriment to the plant itself. Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic industrial and environmental pollutant classified as a human carcinogen.
What is the heavy metals and residual solvent content of the hemp oil? Residual solvents and heavy metals can negatively influence the health benefits of the oil.
Besides CBD, what other cannabinoids and terpenoids are present in the extract? A full spectrum profile of synergistic compounds has been shown to be more effective than an extract with only cannabidiol.
Was the hemp grown using clones or seeds? Clones provide a much more consistent end product. With seeds, you never truly know what is going to grow.
Can your supplier provide you with a consistent and reliable product? What good is the product if you cannot get it the exact same way every time and when you need it?
Considering the fact that many people are relying on CBD for their health and wellness, ensuring that your hemp oil is the highest quality is vital to its effectiveness. Prior to purchasing bulk or wholesale CBD oil, make sure you know where your hemp was grown and processed. Ask yourself this question before purchasing imported Chinese or European hemp oil: Would you feed your child milk imported from cows located in China or Eastern Europe? Didn’t think so.
***EDITOR’S NOTE: Federal policy toward hemp-derived CBD products with respect to Section 7606 is currently subject to substantial debate. The USDA’s website states, “[S]ection 7606 did not alter the approval process for new drug applications or any other authorities of the FDA, nor does it alter the requirements of the Controlled Substances Act that apply to the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of drug products containing controlled substances.”
Ryan Lewis is the VP and Head of Global Sales for Folium Biosciences of Colorado Springs, CO. Folium Biosciences is the largest vertically integrated producer, manufacturer, and distributor of hemp derived phytocannabinoids in the U.S. Folium, along with their exclusive distributor, Entourage Nutritional Distributors, supplies section 7606 US Farm bill compliant hemp derived phytocannabinoids to some of the leading brands and companies in the world. Ryan graduated with high honors from Brown University and attended Pepperdine University Law School and Business School.
by Matthew Johnson and Doug Esposito
Matt Johnson leads the Risk Services division for 
D
Andrew Kaye has been involved in all aspects of the financial services industry, as a fund portfolio investment manager, investment banker, family office investor and attorney. He has worked with start-ups on their first raise through global enterprises undertaking billion-dollar stock offerings, and has significant investment experience in the cannabis industry. Currently, Andrew works as Sweet Leaf Madison Capital’s Chief Commercial Officer. Lending his expertise toward the creation of middle market financing solutions for real estate and equipment financing needs in the cannabis space.”
Dr. Monaco
by Ann Allworth, Ph.D. And Cynthia Shelby-lane, M.D.
Ann Allworth, PhD, is a cell biologist, who for more than 35 years has been educating adults, first in medical schools as an anatomy professor; then in the natural product industry, teaching the immense value of phytonutrient-rich foods and herbs to optimal health and well-being. Upon learning of the endocannabinoid system, she founded 
Nicole Flanigan is one of the newest additions to the 
Ryan Lewis is the VP and Head of Global Sales for Folium Biosciences of Colorado Springs, CO. Folium Biosciences is the largest vertically integrated producer, manufacturer, and distributor of hemp derived phytocannabinoids in the U.S. Folium, along with their exclusive distributor,
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