By Luigi Zamarra, CPA

Due to the banking challenges facing our industry, many business owners are working with large sums of cash. Sometimes this cash must be transported: brought to the location where payment is agreed to be made. Sometimes this requires boarding a commercial airline flight with a large sum of cash in your carry-on baggage. (I do not recommend putting cash into your checked baggage.) You should not worry.

While working with a client to plan dividend distributions to their investors, the client expressed his concern that TSA would not allow anyone to board a domestic flight with large sums of cash. This did not seem correct to me for a variety of reasons, so I decided to look into the issue further. Please remember that U.S. currency is “legal tender for all debts, public and private” and there is no law that states that VISA, MasterCard, and the big banks must be in the middle – and get a piece of the action – of every transaction. We have the right to conduct all of our business in cash if we choose, and making such a choice should not subject us to suspicions. As an industry, we should be united in defending our rights to use cash, and we should reject any assertion that using cash implies criminal activity.

It is important to draw a distinction between domestic flights and international flights. On international flights, you must file FinCEN Form 105 with the U.S. Treasury if you are either entering or leaving the U.S. with more than $10,000 of cash currency. This rule does not apply to domestic flights, either intrastate or interstate. On domestic flights, there is no limit; you are legally entitled to fly with as much cash as you see fit, and you are not required to file any form with U.S. Treasury.

It is also very important to understand that TSA is not a law enforcement agency. TSA personnel are not trained in the legal procedures of collecting evidence or conducting investigations, so such actions must be conducted only by law enforcement. TSA’s mission is to “protect the transportation system to ensure freedom of movement of people and commerce.” According to TSA policy, (a) “screening may not be conducted to detect evidence of crimes unrelated to transportation security,” and (b) “traveling with large amounts of currency is not illegal.”

Unfortunately the TSA has engaged in mission-creep recently by searching for cash and engaging in interrogation when cash is found. If you find yourself being questioned by TSA about why you are carrying cash and where you got the cash, you are entitled to refuse to answer these questions. You should state, quietly but assertively, that such information is confidential and that such questions are outside of the TSA purpose and mission. You should also remind the TSA official that such questions are beyond TSA authority, since they are not permitted to investigate evidence of crimes unrelated to transportation security and since there is no danger to air safety from a briefcase of $100 dollar bills. Finally, remind the TSA official that traveling with large amounts of currency is not illegal.

Luigi Zamarra, CPA, has been a member of NCIA since 2013. Luigi CPA is an accounting firm located in Oakland, CA, that helps all types of businesses and individuals with tax planning, tax compliance, and tax dispute services. Luigi specializes in the medical marijuana industry. He helps these businesses comply with IRC Section 280E so as to balance tax cost against audit examination risk.