In a recent announcement by the IRS, they may allow deductions through Section 471, but it is still unclear this impact as of this writing is still unclear, so with that said, I am proposing this argument because of the impact needed TODAY to help in the economic recovery effort, given it is an election year, as well.
Before I begin, please do not construe my argument as a Republican argument for legalization. When I say conservative, I am speaking from a purely fundamental belief and values perspective, not a contemporary political ideology. There is hypocrisy on both sides and I recognize this fact.
Having a nonprofit background, most of my life has been spent hovering on the political lines, mostly policy, not parties. Liberals are traditionally more aligned with causes than conservatives, although conservatives have traditionally been more fiscally supportive of charitable causes. Why are conservatives more fiscally supportive of charitable causes? Conservative values.
The most undervalued weapon in the fight for legalization
In the fight for legalization, there appears to be a definite challenge from conservatives.
I came into this industry four years ago and noticed a disconnect between the arguments from the industry and the conservative response. Although support is growing from conservatives, most of the arguments being discussed for legalization seem to be falling on deaf ears.
Why is that? It is because the current arguments for legalization are being fed to conservatives in a language which they do not understand and are hearing as a direct challenge to their values.
The values and language of the right are fundamentally different from the left in most ways. One value which is, in my opinion, grossly undervalued by the industry is philanthropy.
Timing is everything
The health and economic ramifications of COVID-19 have caused us to look at the government and our nonprofit sector for help. The political discourse of our governments, from local to federal, unfortunately, is not helping to meet the needs of individuals or communities and thus someone has to step up. Something I haven’t heard many conversations about is our community-based nonprofits and how they are working to address the needs around COVID-19 and the economic challenges COVID-19 has manifested. Nonprofits, which are on the front line of meeting communities’ needs, from animals to veterans and every population in between, are fighting a battle from a deficit position.
The COVID-19 pandemic has cut into nonprofits’ resources while increasing demand for their services.
According to the Stanford Social Innovation Review’s “Giving With Impact Podcast,” our community nonprofits, especially 501(c)(3) nonprofits, are being “…asked to do more with less money and reduced staff while taking on an expanding client population, and all of this at the same time that revenues from services have dried up and donations from their traditional fundraising activities have declined. Some have had to lay off staff and cut salaries and others have had to cut programs.” This is according to Amir Pasic, the Eugene R. Tempel Dean at the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy at Indiana University and a professor of philanthropic studies. He also highlights that although disasters cause a spike in giving, which the pandemic did, in a recession, which seems to be a by-product of the political response to COVID-19, he states, “…we see the opposite effect… It took many years, several years, for individual giving, in particular, to recover. So in recessions giving does go down, simply because the resources that we have available go down, as well.”
Amir also states in the podcast that “…over 60% of nonprofits are anticipating significant decreases in terms of their fundraising ability. And I think many of them will be in crisis further, depending, in part, also, in terms of how federal help continues or does not continue going forward… So there is certainly a sense of crisis and pressure for many nonprofits because their services are increasingly… many of them in the human services, increasingly in need, and yet there is the sense that their sources of revenue are going to be under severe pressure at the same time.”
In the same podcast, Mary Jovanovich, Senior Manager for Relationship Management at Schwab Charitable, states that clients involved with their donor-advised fund are actually giving 50% more at this time. Looking at this in the most simplistic way, those who can give more are giving more, but giving is being done by fewer people and thus still creating a deficit.
Together we CANNA make a difference!
Of course, those companies and people who are doing extremely well are the usual suspects. But what about a flourishing industry? One which is new and growing, and has been growing through a pandemic? An industry that is doing better than most industries and has the reach and means to impact the communities which they serve and beyond? What would be holding them back from coming to the rescue of the communities they serve and ultimately helping the entire nation?
Well, not to put too fine a point on it, but taxes!
If you are a company with an effective tax rate of between 60 and 70%, you might need to hold on to your profit in order to make sure you and your employees survive in case something else is looming on the horizon. Say an election?
Imagine a time when the cannabis community comes together to elevate those nonprofits which are providing the most impact on our economic and social recovery. The world is watching and in awe of the support being provided to tens of thousands of deserving nonprofit 501c3’s and the Senate is watching as thousands of the nonprofits in their states are participating, which is a statement that they are willing to accept support from the cannabis industry. This is the way you sway minds and hearts.
The Conservative Argument for 280E Reform
Conservatives believe in free markets and thus less regulation, in the belief that the growth of companies and the economy will thrive and ultimately self-regulate as much as it can with limited governmental intervention. This needs to be applied to the cannabis industry as well. But not just for the reasons you may think. 280E reform needs to take place NOW so that philanthropy can be elevated and help address COVID-19 and economic recovery challenges.
The effective tax rate is high specifically due to the IRS code 280E, which does not allow cannabis companies to write off typical business expenses, things like marketing, depreciation on equipment, and other expenses including charitable donations to 501c3 nonprofits! Just imagine what could be done if a cannabis company, many of which are already giving without the tax advantage, was given a tax incentive to donate? Everyone understands the taxes imposed by the states and municipalities for the legal purchase drive the cost of cannabis up. So the margins are fairly thin when compared to that of other companies that do not have to abide by 280E. 280E is government regulation. Conservatives tend to be for free markets. If, as we all know, even my fundamentalist Christian friends know, that cannabis will be federally legal eventually, why not take this opportunity to deregulate this industry allowing it to assist in addressing community resource deficits at a time when it is needed most? This argument also addresses the fundamental hierarchy, which conservatives believe should be the path of assistance, self, family, church, community, local government, and finally state government, in that order.
I do not mention the federal government, because another value of conservatism is small government and that the federal government is there to protect the inalienable rights of humans as well as the right to property. Traditional conservatives believe in a helping hand, but only a temporary one as they understand many might not have all the support systems in place mentioned previously.
So the argument for 280E reform, in the context of nonprofits and helping with the health and economic crises stemming for COVID-19, addresses the conservative values of human rights, property rights, individual responsibility, free markets, lower taxes, and deregulation of businesses.
The Conservative Argument for Banking Reform
Now, imagine that 280E was reformed or no longer applicable to LEGAL cannabis companies. There is still a problem. Even if 280E was rescinded for the cannabis industry, banks may still not allow them the same banking services because it would in effect still be federally illegal. If this is the case, even if a company chose to donate to a willing charity, the charity would fall under these very same banking laws and thus might not be able to deposit funds from the cannabis industry into their bank accounts, running a risk that their accounts could still be closed for accepting money from a federally illegal activity. So truly, banking and 280E reform are not just a cannabis industry issue, but a nonprofit sector issue, which needs to be addressed sooner than later!
Now, we all know many charities will still not accept the funds offered from cannabis companies due to many factors, however, many of those most impacted by the pandemic and economic decline, such as those focused on food, housing, homelessness, veterans, mental health, senior citizens, and others, could benefit from receiving funds from cannabis companies as their own resources are diminishing. Therefore, the fight for our nation’s recovery needs to include banking and 280E reform for an industry which can make a difference for many!
Because TOGETHER WE CANNA MAKE A DIFFERENCE (If given the opportunity)!
Founder of Corporate Compassion, LLC and DBA CannaMakeADifference, Kevin J White is a social entrepreneur, nonprofit evangelist, volunteer activist, community engagement advocate, tennis player, golfer, BUCKEYE, and Avid shoe wearer.Kevin began his journey into social entrepreneurship after a 20+ year career in the nonprofit sector. Having started his career as a direct care counselor for at-risk children he advanced through the nonprofit sector, eventually moving to Colorado for a job with a major animal welfare nonprofit, overseeing 4 departments and over 100 staff and volunteers, eventually creating his own nonprofit 501(c)(3) public charity. With a strong background in nonprofit management and resource management, he began his cannabis journey through his Colorado-based, 501c3 nonprofit, having to identify the benefits and challenges of accepting support from the cannabis industry. He realized that there were some challenges for both sectors and decided to further his social entrepreneurship by consulting with cannabis companies looking to strengthen and develop their cause-marketing and philanthropic goals. This was the birth of CannaMakeADifference.
CannaMakeADifference is a strategic consulting company created to assist purpose-driven cannabis companies with meeting their cause-marketing and philanthropic goals. He has co-authored two white-papers, one for cannabis companies and one for nonprofits, highlighting the benefits and challenges of working with each other.
Kevin also hosts a podcast called Together We CANNA Make A Difference which highlights philanthropy in the industry and companies making a difference from the cannabis sector. You can download the podcast on most major podcast platforms including Google Podcasts and Apple Podcasts.
MORE Act Headed For Vote, SAFE Banking Still In Play
by Morgan Fox, NCIA’s Director of Media Relations
We asked, you answered, and your efforts are seeing results!
Over the past months, our Government Relations team in Washington, D.C. has been hard at work gathering support in Congress for the Marijuana Opportunity, Reinvestment, and Expungement (MORE) Act, and many of our members responded to the call to contact their lawmakers to urge them to support the legislation and bring it to a floor vote in the House. Well, our mutual work is paying off!
Last week, House Majority Whip James Clyburn (D-SC) announced that the MORE Act would be called for the vote! This was confirmed Monday as taking place during the week of September 21.
This legislation would remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act and do away with the continuing conflict between states with modern cannabis laws and the federal government. It would also expunge federal cannabis convictions, remove barriers to research, eliminate the current problems with the 280E tax code and lack of access to banking, promote more diverse participation in the cannabis industry, and establish funds to help undo the disparate harms caused by prohibition.
Make no mistake: this vote will be historic. This will be the first time that a bill to end cannabis prohibition has come up for a full vote in either chamber of Congress, and the results of the vote could determine the path of cannabis policy reform efforts for years to come.
This means we have just three weeks to drum up as much support as possible and show our elected officials where the vast majority of Americans stand on cannabis.
If your representatives are not among the 87 current cosponsors of the MORE Act, please contact them and urge them to join in showing their support for this momentous and necessary bill.
Meanwhile, our efforts to maintain momentum for cannabis banking reform have continued throughout the negotiations of the next pandemic relief bill. Despite a somewhat contentious public debate over the size and scope of the stimulus funds in general, hope is still alive for the SAFE Banking Act provision to be included in the final legislation if Congress can come to some agreements on the numerous other issues at stake.
What is not up for debate is that SAFE Banking is an absolutely necessary part of COVID-19 relief. This measure will improve public health and safety by enabling more social distancing and decreasing cannabis businesses’ reliance on cash transactions which can spread contagions and make them a target for crime. Most importantly, it will help thousands of small businesses – with hundreds of thousands of employees across the country – survive these difficult times while providing uninterrupted healthcare services. It doesn’t get more COVID-relevant than that.
While it is still uncertain when or how the House and Senate will arrive at a compromise for pandemic relief, we don’t have much time before the elections divert most of their attention.
Keep an eye out for updates on ways you can help get SAFE Banking passed this year.
We couldn’t do this work without the support and assistance of our valued members. If you are not yet a member, please support our work byjoining today. If you already are a member, thank you for making our advocacy work possible.
Together We Can – Working To Achieve Legislative Victories
by Madeline Grant, NCIA’s Government Relations Manager
Can you believe we are already coming to the end of August? 2020 has certainly not been what we were expecting – but we will persevere together. At NCIA, we want you to know we are here for you through these unstable times and now more than ever we will stand as a united cannabis community. As members of NCIA, we appreciate your dedication and contribution to continue the good fight to reach legislative victories at the state and federal levels. With your dedication to NCIA and our dedication to you, we can continue to achieve success through education and advocacy.
As the Government Relations Manager, I want you to know we are still working continuously in D.C., with a unified message, to achieve legislative victories. Next month, the House of Representatives may vote to make cannabis legal and start repairing the harms caused by decades of failed prohibition policies. As the legislative session draws to a close and what is sure to be one of the most pivotal elections in history nears, there is a renewed effort in Congress to pass meaningful criminal justice reform before the end of the year. And this includes the Marijuana Opportunity, Reinvestment, and Expungement (MORE) Act.
The MORE Act was introduced in the House last year by Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY) and already made history when it became the first legislative bill to be approved by the congressional committee (House Judiciary) in November.
This legislation would remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act, effectively decriminalizing it at the federal level and eliminating the ongoing conflict with effective regulated state cannabis markets. It would also expunge federal cannabis convictions, remove barriers to research, eliminate the current problems with the 280E tax code and lack of access to banking, promote more diverse participation in the cannabis industry, and establish funds to help undo the harms that have been disproportionately inflicted on marginalized communities by the war on drugs.
Now, a growing chorus of lawmakers are calling for it to receive a floor vote in the House in September, and we need your help!
Pleasecall your member of CongressTODAY and urge them to support the MORE Act and help bring it to a vote this year. When you call your representative’s office explain to them how important the MORE Act is to you and your business. The staffer that answers the phone is there to pass along the message to YOUR representative so the more calls they get the better.
NCIA Lobby Day, May 2017. Photo by Ben Droz
On another note, I’d love the opportunity to chat with you over the phone or zoom to discuss the challenges you are facing in the cannabis community. As we continue to meet with Hill offices virtually, it is important to relay your stories about the difficulties you face within the cannabis industry. Real-life examples help paint the picture of the reality our cannabis businesses face every single day. This is imperative to illustrate just how necessary legislative victories, like the MORE Act, are to us. So, if you have the time please send me an email to Madeline@TheCannabisIndustry.org and I will schedule a time for us.
As we draw closer to the end of this legislative session, the NCIA team will continue to work hard to reach legislative victories. We are nearing the 10th anniversary of NCIA and have come a long way together, from legislative victories in appropriations to the SAFE Banking Act passing the House, and we will continue to reach more legislative success in the halls of Congress. We must not lose hope during these unstable times but propel forward more unified than ever before.
Looking Back On #10YearsOfNCIA: 2016-2017
Photo By CannabisCamera.com
by Michelle Rutter Friberg, NCIA’s Deputy Director of Government Relations
Over the last month, I’ve been taking a retrospective look at the progress NCIA has made in the ten years since its inception. While it’s been fun to look back at those early years, this week I’m excited to look at a time when cannabis policy was getting really active: 2016-2017! While this timeline is by no means a comprehensive look at everything that’s happened in cannabis policy during those years, here are some highlights:
January 2016
District judge dismisses lawsuit against the Fed, filed by the Fourth Corner Credit Union, says Congress must fix the cannabis banking problem. The same month, President Obama announces that cannabis reform is not on his agenda in 2016.
March 2016
The Supreme Court dismisses Kansas’ challenge to Colorado marijuana laws. The 6-2 vote meant the nation’s highest court would not rule on the interstate dispute, and Colorado’s legal cannabis market remains safe. “Since Colorado voters overwhelmingly passed legal recreational marijuana in 2012, we have worked diligently to put in place a regulatory framework — the first in the world — that allows this new industry to operate while protecting public health and safety,” then- Gov. John Hickenlooper (D) said following the decision. “With today’s Supreme Court ruling, the work we’ve completed so far remains intact.”
An AP poll shows that 61% of Americans support legalizing cannabis. The most recent Gallup poll on the issue, published in October 2019, shows that approval number has risen to 66%.
April 2016
U.S. Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control holds a hearing titled “Is the Department of Justice Adequately Protecting the Public from the Impact of State Recreational Marijuana Legalization?”
May 2016
NCIA holds its 6th Annual Cannabis Industry Lobby Day in D.C., garnering over 150 attendees and participating in more than 200 scheduled meetings on Capitol Hill. That same month, the Tax Foundation reports a legal marijuana industry could mean up to $28 billion in federal, state, and local tax revenues.
June 2016
NCIA hosts our 3rd Annual Cannabis Business Summit in Oakland with 3,000+ attendees. That same month, the U.S. Senate Appropriations committee narrowly approved a marijuana banking amendment. Ultimately, the amendment did not make it into law. The amendment has not passed this specific Committee since, though we continue to try!
July 2016
Showing increased interest and momentum on this issue, the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee holds a hearing on the potential benefits of medical marijuana. The same month, the Democratic Party included reclassifying cannabis in the party’s platform.
August 2016
This was an exciting month because we got to really see our efforts at work in the real world. Four years ago this month, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that due to the Rohrabacher-Farr amendment, the Department of Justice cannot use funds to enforce federal law against state-legal medical cannabis businesses.
September 2016
U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch says that marijuana is not a gateway drug, but that same month, FBI data showed that there is one cannabis arrest every 49 seconds in the U.S. The majority of those individuals are Black and brown and are arrested four to eight times more than their white counterparts.
October 2016
Members of Congress and the campaigns to legalize cannabis in various forms enter the final push. That month, a report also showed that Colorado’s marijuana industry had a $2.39 billion financial impact and created more than 18,000 jobs in the state.
November 2016
Five states (Arizona, California, Maine, Massachusetts, and Nevada) voted on ballot initiatives to legalize, tax, and regulate marijuana for adult use. Four of those initiatives passed, and three of them passed by more than seven percentage points.
Four states (Arkansas, Florida, Montana, and North Dakota) voted on ballot initiatives to create or expand legal medical marijuana programs. All four of those initiatives passed, with an average victory of 26.3 percentage points.
Of course, November 2016 is also when Republicans took control of both chambers of Congress and candidate Trump became president-elect Trump.
January 2017
NCIA establishes the Policy Council to serve as the industry’s “think tank” in D.C., developing and publishing policy papers to educate policymakers and other stakeholders on topics relevant to the cannabis industry. The same month, Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-AL) begins his confirmation hearing to become U.S. Attorney General. He is subsequently confirmed, bringing uncertainty to the cannabis space.
February 2017
White House press secretary Sean Spicer said that he expects states to see “greater enforcement” of the federal law against marijuana use, a move that would be at odds with a growing number of states’ decisions to legalize it. Spicer, taking questions from reporters at the daily briefing, differentiated between the administration’s positions on medical marijuana and recreational marijuana. Funnily enough, Spicer’s career lasted about as long as it takes me to smoke a joint.
The nation’s first-ever Congressional Cannabis Caucus is formed by Reps. Rohrabacher (R-CA) and Blumenauer (D-OR) with help from friends Reps. Polis (D-CO) and Young (R-AK). In the 116th Congress, Rohrbacher and Polis left Congress and were replaced by Barbara Lee, a Democrat from California, and David Joyce, a Republican from Ohio, as co-chairs.
May 2017
NCIA’s D.C. team grew from two (myself and Mike) to three, with the addition of Maddy Grant, who was our Government Relations Coordinator at the time. Since then, Maddy has become one of my best friends and was even one of my bridesmaids! If you know Maddy, you know she’s the best and NCIA is lucky to have her!
NCIA held its 7th Annual Cannabis Industry Lobby Days in Washington, D.C., where 250 industry professionals coalesced on Capitol Hill to attend over 300 scheduled meetings. Following that, there was a substantial increase in the number of cosponsors on cannabis-related bills compared to the previous Congressional session.
July 2017
The Senate Appropriations Committee voted on their equivalent of the Rohrabacher-Farr amendment, sponsored by the committee’s vice chairman, Patrick Leahy (D-VT). That amendment passed on a voice vote and was the first time ever that a cannabis-related amendment passed in such a manner. At the end of July, the Senate Appropriations Committee also adopted an amendment that would allow the Department of Veterans Affairs to recommend medical cannabis in states. That amendment passed by a vote of 24 to 7 – the most votes this measure has ever received in the Senate. The veterans’ measure did not end up becoming law.
September 2017
The House Rules Committee held a hearing to discuss amendments to the upcoming appropriations bill that will fund the federal government for the upcoming fiscal year and chose not to vote on the amendment that protects medical cannabis businesses, patients, and programs. Since the protections for medical cannabis businesses were included in the Senate’s version of the budget bill but are not included in the House’s versions, it came down to a conference committee to negotiate its inclusion, and ultimately, the provision remained in law.
December 2017
Senate Republicans passed their tax reform package into law. Sen. Cory Gardner (R-CO) introduced two amendments to the bill that targeted 280E, however, he withdrew both amendments before the final bill was voted on.
If you think reminiscing on all that was a lot, make sure you keep an eye on our blog and future issues of NCIA’s Cannabusiness Leader to learn more about 2018-2019 and the progress we’ve made more recently as we wrap up this series!
Looking Back On #10YearsOfNCIA: 2009-2013
Photo By CannabisCamera.com
by Michelle Rutter Friberg, NCIA’s Deputy Director of Government Relations
As NCIA continues into our tenth year advancing the interests of the cannabis industry, all but three U.S. states have some kind of cannabis law on the books, 10 have regulated the commercial production and sale of cannabis for adults, two-thirds of Americans support national legalization, and Congress is closer than ever to making that a reality.
I started with NCIA nearly six years ago, so I’ve witnessed much of the progress we’ve made firsthand — especially the strides forward we’ve made in policy and in the halls of Congress! Let’s take a look back to the early years of NCIA (2010-2013) to see just how far we’ve come in the last decade.
October 2009
The Ogden Memo is released by the Justice Department, directing prosecutors not to prioritize the use of federal resources to prosecute patients with serious illnesses or their caregivers who are complying with state laws on medical marijuana, laying the groundwork for a new national industry. Personally, I consider the Ogden Memo to be the mother of the now-rescinded Cole Memo.
November 2010
NCIA is formed as the cannabis industry’s only national trade association by long-time marijuana policy reform leaders Aaron Smith and Steve Fox.
March 2011
Six association members join Smith and Fox for NCIA’s 1st Annual Cannabis Industry Lobby Days in Washington, D.C. Now, Lobby Days brings hundreds of cannabis industry professionals to D.C. and includes VIP Day, receptions, and opportunities to mingle with over a dozen members of Congress and their staff.
May 2011
The Small Business Banking Improvement Act of 2011 (H.R. 1984), which would exempt state-legal cannabis businesses from Suspicious Activity Report requirements, is introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives by then-Rep. Jared Polis. This bill was the precursor to the Marijuana Businesses Access to Banking Act, which was the precursor to the SAFE Banking Act.
May 2011
The Small Business Tax Equity Act of 2011 (H.R. 1985), which would correct the unfair tax burden of Section 280E, is introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives by Rep. Pete Stark (D-CA). That bill has been re-introduced in every congressional session since 2011. Today, the Small Business Tax Equity Act (H.R. 1118) has 11 cosponsors (compared to over 40 last session), but don’t think it’s because 280E isn’t important– advocates and congressional staff have simply been focused this session on passing SAFE Banking.
June 2011
Rep. Barney Frank (D-MA) and Rep. Ron Paul (R-TX) introduced the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2011 (H.R. 2306) with NCIA’s support. The bill would have ended prohibition and legalized cannabis at the federal level by amending the Controlled Substances Act. It would then transfer the authority to regulate cannabis from the Drug Enforcement Administration to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.
November 2012
Colorado and Washington become the first two states to legalize marijuana for adult use and sales via voter initiative. NCIA, while an infant of an organization, proudly supported both of these initiatives even as some in the industry didn’t support full legalization at that time. In fact, our co-founder Steve Fox was one of the primary authors of Colorado’s Amendment 64 and our former Deputy Director, Betty Aldworth, was a campaign spokesperson just before joining NCIA.
April 2013
NCIA hosts conservative tax reform champion, Grover Norquist, at its third annual Cannabis Industry Lobby Days in Washington, D.C. While there, Norquist discussed Americans for Tax Reform’s (ATR) release of a white paper titled Legal Cannabis Dispensary Taxation: A Textbook Case of Punishing Law-Abiding Businesses Through the Tax Code. The paper discussed Section 280E of the tax code, which is still misapplied to legal cannabis businesses and creates an effective tax rate two to four times that of other small businesses. Norquist also announced ATR’s endorsement of the Small Business Tax Equity Act.
July 2013
Congressional cannabis champion Rep. Ed Perlmutter (D-CO) introduces the Marijuana Businesses Access to Banking Act of 2013 (H.R. 2652) in the House of Representatives. This bill was the precursor to the SAFE Banking Act which has been approved (twice) by the House of Representatives in the last year.
August 2013
James M. Cole, the Deputy Attorney General, issues new guidance regarding marijuana enforcement and banking, referred to as the “Cole Memo.” The memo indicated that prosecutors and law enforcement should focus only on the following priorities related to state-legal cannabis operations:
Preventing the distribution of marijuana to minors;
Preventing revenue from the sale of marijuana from going to criminal enterprises, gangs, and cartels;
Preventing the diversion of marijuana from states where it is legal under state law in some form to other states;
Preventing state-authorized marijuana activity from being used as a cover or pretext for the trafficking of other illegal drugs or other illegal activity;
Preventing violence and the use of firearms in the cultivation and distribution of marijuana;
Preventing drugged driving and the exacerbation of other adverse public health consequences associated with marijuana use;
Preventing the growing of marijuana on public lands and the attendant public safety and environmental dangers posed by marijuana production on public lands; and
Preventing marijuana possession or use on federal property.
September 2013
Sen. Leahy (D-VT), Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee holds an oversight hearing on federal marijuana policy. Both Attorney General Eric Holder and Deputy Attorney General James Cole testified. The hearing, titled “Conflicts between State and Federal Marijuana Laws” came just months after two states, Washington and Colorado, legalized small amounts of cannabis for personal use by adults over 21. At the time, twenty states and the District of Columbia had legalized medicinal cannabis.
November 2013
NCIA hires a Director of Government Relations in Washington, D.C., the first-ever full-time lobbyist on behalf of cannabis businesses at the federal level. That was the man, the myth, the legend: Michael Correia, who is still here nearly seven years later! The Washington Posteven profiled the nation’s first full-time cannabis lobbyist.
Looking back, those early years of NCIA were without a doubt integral to where we are now in cannabis policy. Make sure you read next week’s edition to learn more about 2014-2016 and all the progress we made during those years!
Meet The Team: Jon Dinh – NCIA’s Membership Manager
Hello! My name is Jon Dinh and I work as the Membership Manager here at NCIA! I started my cannabis journey three years ago when I first tried cannabis legally in my home state of Colorado and completely changed my life for the better!
I grew up in Thornton, Colorado which is a suburban area north of Denver and didn’t have any interest in cannabis growing up. None of my friends participated in the cannabis culture so I didn’t have any influence growing up. Coming from an Asian culture, it was heavily looked down upon. When the laws changed in my state, I decided to try it and visited my first dispensary. I was amazed at the professionalism and knowledge the budtender provided. I ended up with an edible cookie as my first experience and took a bit much for a first time user. It’s crazy to think that moment changed my life and career path.
I was now curious about the war on drugs and drug policy reform and around this time stumbled upon NCIA. I was lucky enough to get hired as the Membership Coordinator and have learned a great deal about cannabis reform and how it affects people’s lives. I’m fortunate enough to try cannabis safely and legally and have no doubts that others will follow the same path for their first time experience. My scenario is much more common now with states legalizing and people having open access to cannabis. I just hope they’re more careful with their first dose than I was!
I’m now part of the mission here at NCIA to get cannabis businesses treated fairly like any other business in America and it has truly opened my mind to the struggles that face cannabis businesses now and what’s to come in the future. I hope to contribute towards the needed change of these laws and for better treatment of cannabis businesses. Cannabis businesses, even though legal, still exist in a world where the laws are not up to date and have caused issues like loss of profits and having to pay higher taxes.
I got to attend my first Lobby Days event with NCIA to talk about current cannabis issues and it was one of the most powerful experiences channeling my inner citizen lobbyist. I got to see firsthand how Capitol Hill works and what Hill meetings are all about. It’s an important part of how the government works, and it was great to see members of NCIA becoming citizen lobbyists too. This was my first time in D.C. and was blown away by the inner workings of it all. Thanks to NCIA for allowing me to be part of Lobby Days and hope other members of NCIA can join us in the future!
In the meantime, as part of my job duties, I hope to open the doors for others to experience cannabis in their home state and federal legalization in the future. I hope to change the world’s perception of cannabis and to open access to the plant.
Member Blog: IRC Section 471(c) of the TCJA May Mitigate the Curse of 280E for the Cannabis Industry
On March 30, 2020, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration issued a report titled “The Growth of the Marijuana Industry Warrants Increased Tax Compliance Efforts and Additional Guidance.” The 53-page report discussed several different topics, including that the IRS should conduct more audits under Section 280E, and this discussion focuses on Section 471(c).
The report states that certain qualifying cannabis taxpayers, who would otherwise be subject to business expenses being disallowed under Section 280E, could potentially account for their inventory under Section 471(c) using a method that would classify most or all of their expenditures as inventoriable costs and avoid Section 280E’s disallowance of such expenditures. Accordingly, as all the costs would be capitalized into inventory, they would then reduce taxable income as the inventory was sold. In other words, expenditures previously disallowed under Section 280E would be part of the cost of goods sold and allowed as a reduction of gross receipts. There was no public comment from the IRS in the report on the potential that 471(c) may eliminate 280E.
Before continuing to provide our additional comments, it is important to mention the impact of Section 471(c) on Section 280E has not been reviewed by the Courts and the Inspector General also stated that necessary guidance addressing 471(c) is lacking from the IRS. As such, the impact cannot be stated in certain terms.
The curse of Section 280E on the cannabis industry cannot be overstated – some businesses actually end up paying more in tax than they make and Section 280E can turn an economic loss into a taxable gain. This seemingly unconstitutional result has been justified by the courts and IRS under a very old principle of taxation that “deductions are a matter of legislative grace.” New Colonial Ice Co. v. Helvering, 292 U.S. 435, 440 (1934) Legislative grace, according to these authorities, means the legislature has the power to deny all deductions, if they so choose, and it should be said that the limitation of such grace, under the 16th Amendment to the US Constitution, is that 280E cannot disallow costs of goods sold. With Section 471(c), however, legislative grace appears to be on the side of the cannabis industry because, as discussed below, Congress created Section 471(c) and it appears to allow inclusion of deductions into the cost of goods sold where they can’t be disallowed under Section 280E.
The Code states that Section 471(c) allows a small taxpayer, one with less than $25 million in revenues, who is not a tax shelter or public company to account for inventory according to their applicable financial statements, or absent applicable financial statements, according to the actual books and records of the taxpayer. For a qualifying business that doesn’t have applicable financial statements, if their books and records include deductions in COGS, then these deductions may not be subject to 280E.
Question #1 – What are applicable financial statements, what does it mean to have them, and if a taxpayer does not have applicable financials statements what are the books and records of the taxpayer prepared in accordance with the taxpayer’s accounting procedures?
It is our opinion that under IRC § 451(b)(3) if a taxpayer is required to issue audited financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for credit purposes, to owners, or for any other nontax purpose, they have applicable financial statements. It would seem that “any other nontax purpose” would include audited GAAP statements required to be issued to state regulatory agencies. As such, because GAAP requires accounting for inventory in a manner similar to Section 471(a), taxpayers who have Applicable Financial Statements appear to be precluded from adding costs disallowed under Section 280E into COGS pursuant to Section 471(c). Of concern are states that require license holders to provide their licensing agency with audited financial statements. However, if the state doesn’t require GAAP financials, then the “Applicable Financial Statements” provision shouldn’t be a problem.
If the taxpayer does not have applicable financial statements, then they are allowed to account for inventory for tax purposes in the same way as they account for inventory on their internal books and records. Thus, their books and records would have to mirror their method of accounting for tax purposes.
Question #2 – Could a small cannabis company, who is not issuing applicable financial statements in accordance with GAAP and is subject to 280E, establish a method of accounting for inventory in which they consider all or most expenditures of the company to be inventoriable costs? If so, does characterizing these otherwise nondeductible costs as inventoriable costs change the nature of the expenditures from non-deductible business deductions to deductible costs of goods sold when the inventory is sold?
As noted above, there is currently no guidance from the IRS regarding this question and, we should assume, that the IRS will not acquiesce to the position that 471(c) eliminates 280E. So, let’s consider the arguments the IRS might make. First to consider is the Service’s conclusion in Chief Counsel Memorandum Number 201504011 regarding Sec 263A. Early on, cannabis taxpayers attempted to use Sec 263A to capitalize general and administrative costs, otherwise subject to 280E, into inventory and then deduct them as part of COGS. This does sound somewhat similar to the approach we are looking at under 471(c).
The IRS concluded in CCA 201504011 that Sec. 263A would not allow an expense disallowed under Section 280E to be added to COGS because of “flush language” added to Sec. 263A(a)(2) in a subsequent congressional amendment. The flush language states:
Any cost which (but for this subsection) could not be taken into account in computing taxable income for any taxable year shall not be treated as a cost described in this paragraph.
The U.S. Tax Court agreed with the Chief Counsel memo in several opinions including Patients Mutual Assistance Collective Corporation d.b.a. Harborside Health Center v. Commissioner.
However, where this language was fatal to the cannabis industry’s attempt to use Section 263A to its benefit – it may help in the case of Section 471(c). It appears to have been necessary for the U.S. Congress to add the Flush Language to Section 263A to prevent the inclusion of otherwise disallowed expenses into COGS. There is no equivalent language added to Section 471(c) and so the argument is that in the absence of an equivalent provision, Section 471(c) can be used to include expenses disallowed under 280E into COGS where they can be used to reduce taxable income.
Another argument the IRS may make is that Treas. Reg. § 1.61-3(a) prevents the inclusion of deductions into cost of goods sold because the regulation states that Gross Income is determined without subtraction of “…selling expenses…” However, Section 1.61-3(a) is part of the Treasury Regs defining gross income and its reference to the non-inclusion of “selling expenses” is from the regulations under Section 471(a). Section 471(c) specifically states that Section 471(a) does not apply (which include the regulations) and a taxpayer’s method of accounting for inventory under Section 471(c) does not fail to accurately reflect income. And, Section 471(c) is a higher authority than the regulations. Thus, it appears that Section 471(c) trumps Treas. Reg. § 1.61-3(a).
Question #3 – Should a taxpayer, eligible to use 471(c) to account for inventory file their tax return taking positions regarding 471(c) as described in this article?
Every taxpayer is different, and accounting for inventory under Section 471(c) is not right for everyone in the cannabis industry. It is also important to understand that it may not work and for taxpayers who use the method to do so with caution and understanding. However, below is a list of issues to discuss with your tax professional:
What is your tolerance for risk and a legal dispute with the IRS? Such a dispute could be time-consuming and costly.
If 471(c) is proven not to eliminate 280E – how will you manage additional tax, interest, and possibly penalties?
Should the position be disclosed as part of your tax filing?
Does the entity have applicable financial statements?
Is the cannabis business a tax shelter?
How aggressive does management and ownership want to be regarding the position?
How will management accomplish the necessary accounting and records to support such a position?
In summary, 471 (c) has left the cannabis industry with several questions and definitive answers are probably not immediately available. License holders should work closely with their advisors as they navigate these questions. But, there is a possibility that Section 471(c) eliminates Section 280E for qualifying taxpayers. Cannabis businesses should take the necessary steps to understand it and protect their ability to benefit from Section 471(c) if it does work.
The Bridge West and GreenspoonMarder teams work tirelessly to understand the tax and accounting issues facing businesses in the cannabis industry and provide the best possible solutions to their clients.
To discuss any of the questions within this article please feel free to contact Calvin Shannon, Nick Richards or any of their team members.
Calvin Shannon is a Pricipal of Bridge West and has over 17 years of experience providing tax, audit, estate planning and trust services. Calvin is skilled at understanding client’s challenges and working with them to develop and implement innovative and unique solutions. Assists organizations to address the industry’s unique and ever-evolving issues. He enjoys having the opportunity to work with cannabis clients to understand their business needs, and to provide timely solutions
Nick Richards is a Partner in the Tax practice group at Greenspoon Marder LLP. He represents individuals and businesses in tax audits & trials, M&A, in managing tax debt, and he advises cannabis companies, owners and investors regarding tax and regulatory compliance matters. Mr. Richards has been a tax attorney for more than twenty years beginning his career with the IRS where he was a leading trial attorney, a Chief Counsel advisor, and a Special Assistant United States Attorney.
With his broad experience and understanding at all phases of the tax system, from reporting and assessment through appeals, court, and tax debt resolution, Mr. Richards achieves successful legal solutions tailored to his individual client’s needs. Mr. Richards also teaches tax attorneys and CPAs throughout the US and he is an Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of Denver, Graduate Tax Program, where he teaches State and Local Tax and Civil and Criminal Tax.
From The Hill: The Emergency Cannabis Small Business Health and Safety Act
by Morgan Fox, NCIA’s Director of Media Relations
Legislation to give legal marijuana businesses, which have been declared essential in a majority of states with regulated cannabis markets, access to resources being made available by congressional COVID-19 emergency response packages was introduced in the House of Representatives last week by Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) and Rep. Ed Perlmutter (D-CO).
The Emergency Cannabis Small Business Health and Safety Act would stop cannabis businesses and those that provide services to them from being excluded from further federal relief funding provided through the Small Business Administration (SBA).
Specifically, this bill would impact the following programs: Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL), and EIDL emergency grants. It would also protect SBA employees from prosecution for administering relief funds to cannabis businesses.
Under current policy, businesses that deal directly with cannabis production and sale, as well as many that provide services to them, are ineligible for most SBA programs. And the definition that the SBA uses to define which ancillary businesses are eligible is very vague. You can find a useful primer on federal relief eligibility from our friends at Vicente Sederberg LLP.
Let’s be clear: the fact that many cannabis businesses have been permitted to remain operating during this difficult time will not be enough to sustain the industry or allow for an effective and timely recovery once this nightmare is behind us. Lack of access to federal funds is just one of the many stressors facing cannabis businesses, which is why it is vital that we become eligible for relief as soon as possible.
Many indirect businesses have not been declared essential and have been forced to close. Cannabis businesses that have remained open must contend with declining sales, supply chain disruptions, onerous tax rates, lack of access to banking services, and the costs incurred by implementing additional health and safety measures to protect employees and customers.
Thankfully, the chorus of voices calling for fair access has been steadily growing. Earlier in April, Rep. Blumenauer and nearly three dozen of his colleagues sent a letter to House leadership urging them to make cannabis businesses eligible for SBA programs. Senators Jacky Rosen (D-NV) and Ron Wyden (D-OR) along with eight co-signers sent a similar letter to Senate leadership last week. They have been joined by cannabis industry advocates, the Marijuana Justice Coalition, the United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, state officials including Colorado Gov. Jared Polis, and others.
NCIA and our allies will continue to put pressure on Congress to treat cannabis businesses fairly during this crisis, but we need your help.
Please email and then call your congressional representatives today and ask them to support the legal (and essential) cannabis industry during this critical time. Talking points and instructions for calling your representatives are available on our website.
“Hi, I am calling/writing today to ask that you co-sponsor Congressmen Blumenauer and Perlmutter’s recently introduced Emergency Cannabis Small Business Health and Safety Act. This important piece of legislation would stop cannabis businesses and those that provide services to them from being excluded from further federal relief funding provided through the Small Business Administration. This current lack of access will undoubtedly lead to unnecessary layoffs, reduced hours, pay cuts, and furloughs for the workers of cannabis businesses who need support the most. As your constituent, I ask and urge that you sign on as a co-sponsor for this Act as soon as possible. Our industry, our businesses, and our employees cannot wait.”
The situation on Capitol Hill is extremely fluid as you might imagine. This bill could move forward as standalone legislation or could be incorporated into the next round of federal relief funds, which is being called CARES 2. Stay tuned for updates and be on the lookout for additional ways you can help us protect our essential industry.
Member Blog: A COVID-19 Guide For Cannabis Entities
As the fallout from COVID-19 ripples through the economy, cannabis businesses are once again faced with a plethora of conflicting information and uncertainty. As counsel to the NCIA and in service to its membership, Wykowski Law has put together a guide to the most common issues facing cannabis businesses in the wake of COVID-19. The guide focuses on national issues and focuses in on some issues specific to California.
Please check out the guide for more details, but here is a quick rundown of what you need to know as a cannabis business in the age of COVID-19:
As we’ve unfortunately become accustomed to, cannabis has largely been left out of relief efforts, particularly where the federal government is concerned. Like with anything cannabis, this means that we have to dig deeper and be more creative to survive.
What sort of help can cannabis businesses get from SBA, PPP, and EIDL? Are there alternatives?
Generally, the Feds are not going to let MRBs touch these funds. But don’t despair. There are potential alternatives at the state level (in California at least) including CalCAP, IBank, and JSLP. Of course, these programs present their own challenges for MRBs, but they do not categorically rule out lending to the cannabis industry.
What about taxes and tax relief?
Unfortunately, when it comes to the Feds we continue to live under the spectre of 280E which makes so many of the tax credits and relief potentially unavailable. There may be some strategies to take advantage of some of these programs, but they are largely dependent on your individual situation. Check with your tax expert!
Some of these regulations just aren’t practical during a pandemic. Are we really expected to comply?
There’s good news and bad news on that front. In California regulatory agencies are making some allowances including regulatory variances and allowing curbside pickups. But you have to get approval. Double (and triple) check what sort of regulatory relief your state is offering before deviating from any SOPs.
The bad news is that as an essential service in the age of COVID-19, many cannabis businesses are subject to additional health and safety requirements. California OSHA for instance has put out stricter standards for all businesses and we expect there might be more to come due to the nature of cannabis.
Times are tough, but not hopeless. And, all of the above is just the tip of the iceberg. The full guide goes into deeper detail. Of course, the information you obtain here and in the linked guide is meant to be informational only and is not, nor is it intended to be, advice legal or otherwise. For that you will need to talk to your lawyer and/or accountant.
Henry Wykowski is the founder of Wykowski Law a national cannabis law firm based in San Francisco that has represented the industry since its inception and successfully defended it in multiple landmark cases.
The Importance of PACs and Political Involvement
by Madeline Grant, NCIA’s Government Relations Manager
Like the Olympics, we only have a presidential election every four years. Usually, this means more voters are engaged and paying attention to the political process than normal. It’s more important now than ever for voters to get involved, and there are many ways to do just that. Some people campaign by making phone calls and knocking doors to get out the vote, others simply vote on election day. Some choose to make financial contributions to candidates or issues-based PACs (political action committees) that they care about.
As a trade association, NCIA has a PAC (the NCIA-PAC) that collects and contributes funds to candidates that support cannabis reform on Capitol Hill. In recent years, you may have heard that PACs are considered “special interest” or part of the “D.C. swamp.” Some candidates go so far as to not accept contributions from PACs to their campaigns. However, many small PACs, like the NCIA-PAC, are misrepresented by these characterizations and are fully funded by the hard-working members of their associations. The NCIA-PAC gives our cannabis professionals a united voice in the political process. Keep reading below to learn more about NCIA’s PAC and how you can get involved.
There is a common misconception that political contributions buy votes, however, the reality is that political contributions gain access. Of course, a politician’s goal is to get elected or re-elected and campaign contributions are a vital component of that goal. The NCIA-PAC helps support our champions and politicians that will fight for us on Capitol Hill so that they can continue fighting for our industry in D.C.
Another common misconception people have is that a one-time contribution will get you a friend for life, but unfortunately, that is not always the case. As long as a member stays in office, they will continue to ask for financial support. Think of it like this: supporting the NCIA-PAC lets us support elected officials who support the cannabis industry, and it’s imperative that they continue to be re-elected! Even the smallest donations make an impact.
At this point, you may be asking yourself: why should I support the NCIA-PAC? Well, your dollars support candidates who understand the cannabis industry’s concerns and who focus their attention on issues important to NCIA. A donation also affords you opportunities to collaborate with other concerned and politically active members to ensure our industry’s involvement in the legislative process and provides engagement, support, and information that is helpful to you, our cause, and your business.
NCIA’s government relations team works year-round to build relationships on Capitol Hill and represent the cannabis industry. As a team, we reiterate the importance of access to banking, fixing the 280E tax provision, the necessity of descheduling cannabis, and ensuring that our industry is diverse and equitable, among other issues. Our efforts here in D.C. make an impact, but members of Congress and their staff also need to hear from you. So, we hope you will consider joining us and NCIA’s PAC Leadership Circle at our 2nd Annual VIP Day in Washington D.C., on May 19.
Through a donation of $1,000 dollars or more, you will participate in an exclusive day including briefings, a luncheon and meetings with members of Congress, meetings with committees of jurisdiction, complimentary entry to the NCIA-PAC Fundraiser, and networking with NCIA’s most politically active members. Additionally, you will receive even more benefits all throughout the year, such as complimentary registration for our annual conferences, prominent listing and link to your company website featured on NCIA’s PAC page, customized branding opportunities at NCIA’s Cannabis Business Summit & Expo, and much more. If you are interested in attending VIP Day or hearing more about the NCIA-PAC, please fill out an interest form here or contact Maddy Grant at Madeline@TheCannabisIndustry.org.
2019 was an incredible year of growth for the cannabis industry; mergers and acquisitions, multi-state expansion, new state licensing, and an explosion of new jobs created. Operationally, more businesses began adopting best practices from the retail and hospitality industries and implemented technology systems to connect all facets of business for stronger insights. There have been focused efforts on hiring, engagement, and training to improve employee retention. Plus, the momentum for widespread acceptance of cannabis legalization is truly unstoppable.
These favorable advancements haven’t come without a variety of challenges, including continued banking access stalls, compliance hurdles, and environmental tragedies. While most legal markets in the nation are struggling to keep up with the demand for qualified talent, select California enterprises laid off an average of 30% of their workforce due to numerous obstacles. Most notably, the vaping crisis shed light on the need forconsistent regulation and testing. Additionally, lack of access to capital has significantly slowed down business growth nationwide.
According to a survey Wurk sent to leading enterprise U.S. cannabis businesses, the largest human resource challenge in 2019 was managing rapid growth and scaling the workforce to meet demand. Managers felt pressure to ensure hiring plans were strategic, yet could meet the constant change of the industry, and many learned that employee turnover was directly related to a lack of training and effective performance management practices.
2019 tested the resiliency, patience, and commitment of many in the industry. As 2020 begins, consider this: this is a passionate community that has the experience, determination and gumption to persevere no matter the roadblocks. As pioneers in cannabis HR, leaders are responsible for providing the right support and resources to the people of the industry, so momentum continues.
In 2020, recognize these 9 trends in cannabis Human Capital Management:
Employee Training & Performance Management
While more than half of the US has some form of cannabis legislation in place, the industry still lacks a standardized education and training program for employees in each vertical. Compliance and risk management programs have been developed by vendors like Cannabis Trainers, and states such as Massachusetts are mandating that operators take part in these sessions. A portion of marijuana businesses have created internal training programs and will invite producers in-house to offer product education to budtenders.
Although there’s been progress in this category, the industry is still a long way away from providing consistent, reliable education to employees. In the coming year, HR leaders will have self-developed or outsourced courses on compliance, at a minimum. More and more operations will expand their employee development to include product and plant specifics, responsible selling best practices, and even positive psychology coaching.
Reducing employee turnover will remain a focus for cannabis HR leaders in 2020. Operators will take a fresh look at how performance management is handled and whether it aligns with company culture. One approach to replace the annual review will be “continuous performance management,” where frequent one-on-ones are scheduled to improve communication, address issues fast, and ensure employees are engaged in the organization. HRIS platforms can support these conversations with people data so managers can combine the human interaction with trending evidence in order to spot at-risk employees before they jump ship.
Employee Experience
People are a business’s largest asset, which means not only can they be the most substantial expense, they are also the biggest revenue generator. The Employee Experience (what people encounter, observe or feel over the course of their employee journey) will begin to be a part of cannabis HR strategy into the new year. By gathering insights about this unique workforce through surveys, interviews, and conversational documentation, cannabis businesses will start to define an Employee Experience that parallels the company’s mission, vision, and values.
Forbes recently included “tending” people as an HR trend to be aware of in 2020. The idea is to cultivate employees and support their growth, rather than manage them. This intentional relationship-building practice evokes a sense of community and wellbeing. Harvard Business Review notes that tending goes a long way in mitigating the “workers as machines” phenomenon. If crucial talent feels they are just a cog in the Multi-State Operator machine or an unseen hourly inventory manager, the likelihood of them voluntarily departing the business will rise.
Standardization vs Customization
Recognition must be given to leadership in 2019 for leaning on other industries for processes to effectively manage a mostly hourly workforce. While cannabis businesses are still in start-up mode, there are labor tasks and procedures that mirror those in the fast food, hospitality, and agricultural segments that can help shape standards. There’s no need to reinvent the wheel, but it’s obvious that the intricacies involved with the seed-to-sale process require customization.
In 2020, HR will balance enforcing best practices and the need for agile, tailored decision-making. When it comes to talent acquisition, for example, a hiring manager may draft a job description that includes vital soft skills, like reliability, communication skills, organization, adaptability, and leadership. In new cannabis markets, following a cookie-cutter model won’t generate the talent pool needed to build a business.
Being innovative with tried and true methods will allow leadership to solve bottlenecks today, not in the future.
Data-Driven Decision Making
According to Deloitte’s 2018 Human Capital Trends report, 85% of companies see people analytics as a high priority, but only 42% believe they are either ‘very ready’ or ‘ready’ to meet expectations. Over the years, cannabis executives have taken action to implement a technology foundation that supports compliance, streamlines processes, and reduces cost. Yet, there is still a lot of runway left to cover.
The focus will shift from technology as a ‘nice to have’ to technology as a major transformational driver in the years to come. Organizations will recognize the benefit of all-in-one solutions that enable better business decisions based on data. Human Resources will remain on budget by comparing actual spend per department, location, and cost center to predicted payroll spend. Managers will rely on people analytics to identify what elements impact turnover and employee engagement. Even in the most fast-paced, ever-changing industry, HR professionals will have the ability to predict future trends for talent, finance, and workforce planning.
Managing Rapid Growth
Massive expansion has created immense pressure for all positions in the cannabis vertical, notably for HR professionals. With most companies growing through M&A activity, not organically, the structure of business is evolving faster than most can realistically manage. This surge will only continue in 2020, demanding the expertise of the HR department to effectively discern new opportunities and build the workforce of the future.
According to the PwC CEO survey, 77% of CEOs believe the biggest threat to their business is the lack of availability of key skills. With CEOs so concerned about talent, cannabis HR managers will shift focus to increasing productivity of their existing workforce as opposed to hiring additional staff. Data will help inform HR professionals on who the top performers are and what conditions are supporting their success.
Outsourced HR Solutions
Employee relationship management should be made a priority for every business, but in-house cannabis human resources may not be an option for all. Small businesses may wait until they reach 40 or even 75 employees before bringing on a full-time HR manager. Constantly evolving labor laws and the risks involved with cannabis payroll will drive some business owners to outsource HR services to cannabis-specific partners.
From employment taxes to employee benefits to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), there are many aspects of workforce management that owners may not have the resources or experience to maintain. In an industry already strapped for financial support, one mistake in adhering to the work and pay rules for a specific municipality can amount to a hefty fine. The risk involved with managing cannabis people is high and this liability will drive licensees to depend on cannabis-friendly HR and Payroll partners.
Diversity and Inclusion
Key states had strict requirements surrounding diversity initiatives in the cannabis application process in 2019 and this focus will only grow in the decade to come. HR departments will develop stronger D&I plans with innovative ways to recruit, to communicate the importance of unique perspectives and to support peers across the organization.
Sadly, the industry saw a decline in the number of women execs at the end of the decade. Vangst found that of the 38.5% of employees that self-identified as females in the industry, only 17.6% of these women held a “Director” or “Executive” role. This compares to 82.4% for self-identified males.
As momentum gains, the industry will continue to attract like-minded, experienced professionals from mainstream, big box corporations. This past year, KushCo Holdings appointed former Nestle and Cetera Financial Group HR Executive, Rhiana Barr, as their Chief People Officer and Harborside brought on a female HR leader from big pharma. This trend will progress as the industry continues to prove legitimacy through international acceptance and financial opportunity.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Giving back to the community has been a challenging push for cannabis businesses as many non-profit organizations and volunteer programs are still hesitant to partner with plant-touching operations. Thankfully, this trend is taking a turn in a positive direction. Take for example, Cresco Labs, who launched the SEED initiative in 2019 to “ensure that all members of our society have the skills, knowledge and opportunity to work in and own businesses in this industry.” Companies all over the nation are contributing to those most affected by the War on Drugs by donating to non-profits like Last Prisoner Project or collaborating on expungement events.
Human Resources will attract a wider talent pool and increase employee satisfaction in 2020 by providing thoughtful opportunities for employees to be involved in CSR efforts.
Wellness and Benefits Offerings
For years, marijuana businesses have had to worry about basic employee resources, like ensuring they have access to banking and can receive a direct deposit. Although this will remain a hurdle for many, more doors have begun to open for managers to offer benefits, and even 401(k). Insurance and 401(k) brokers that are transparently serving the industry are becoming more and more prevalent into the new year. While Section 280E hinders employers from offering a 401(k) match, some production-focused entities may be able to deduct contributions to their employee benefits plans, where dispensary entities may not be able to—even when they’re owned by the same parent company.
Partnering with cannabis-friendly brokers and financial advisors will only benefit HR professionals as these offerings are still difficult to obtain and execute.
They say a year in cannabis is like 7 dog years… The industry has made it this far, not without flaw and frustration, but certainly with grit and determination. Organizations have the strength to power through 2020 with a solid foundation, the right toolset, and the best people around.
Heather is an experienced marketing professional with a demonstrated history of work in cannabis technology and digital strategy. Skilled in customer relationship management, online marketing, immersive experience design and communications, Heather brings a unique combination of creative ideation and project management. As Director of Marketing for Wurk, the first workforce management company designed specifically for the cannabis industry, Heather develops key messaging to inform the market about effective human resource management and to support the advancement of the industry. With previous experience at MJ Freeway, the leading provider of seed-to-sale software solutions for marijuana businesses, Heather brings a unique understanding of cannabis chain of custody and the various challenges operators face in this highly regulated space. Heather earned a bachelor’s degree in communication design and marketing from Metropolitan State University.
Designed specifically for the cannabis industry, Wurk allows employers to protect and streamline their operations, while providing an environment where people are a priority every step of the way. The intuitive, all-in-one solution automates the most complicated and risk-prone processes associated with hiring, scheduling, and paying employees. Learn more at enjoywurk.com.
Webinar Recording: 280E Mitigation – What You Need To Know
Watch this webinar recording in case you missed the live presentation from December 17.
Legal cannabis has been spreading across the United States for over 10 years now. How has the industry been viewed in the eyes of the IRS? The cannabis industry has consistently lost in tax court against the IRS. Can these businesses be profitable on an after-tax basis? Do management companies help with profitability? Jim Marty and Cory Parnell of Bridge West LLC, CPAs and Consultants to the cannabis industry will explore these questions in light of recent tax cases.
Learning Objectives:
1. The session will help attendees understand the implications of recent Tax Court decisions that involve IRS Code Section 280E.
2. Learn how to avoid double taxation with related party management companies.
3. Explore the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution regarding excessive fines and penalties. Hear the arguments that conflict with 280E.
4. In light of the above, learn how C-Corporations can help protect again personal liability for dispensary income taxes.
Member Blog: What To Know About Cannabis Business Valuations
The rapid growth and ever-evolving nature of the cannabis industry has resulted in wild and hyperinflated business valuations, making it extremely difficult for companies to zero in on a fair valuation as they seek to acquire or be acquired in the up-and-coming field.
What can cannabis companies do to counter overinflated valuations as they pursue an exit or acquisition strategy? The best approach is to better understand what investors are looking for when they evaluate a company for a potential merger and acquisition deal.
Many Ways to Determine Value
Pinpointing the value of a business is not an exact science. Investors rely on a variety of methods and evaluation techniques to help them land on a fair valuation. Let’s break down some of the most common methods.
Discounted Cash Flow: A Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis attempts to determine a company’s value today based on projections of how much money it will generate in the future.
Market Transaction: This method estimates a company’s value by comparing the business to similar companies in the marketplace. This approach works really well with publicly traded companies.
Adjusted Net Asset Method: A company’s value is determined by analyzing the net value of its assets minus any liabilities.
Revenue Multiplier/EBITDA: A company’s value is determined by dividing its revenue multiplier ratio by its earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA).
Unique Cannabis Challenges
Because of the unique nature of the cannabis field, each of the above-mentioned valuation methods come with their own challenges when applied in the industry.
Discounted Cash Flow: Because cannabis businesses’ operating costs are so high and their margins are so slim, a DCF analysis will likely produce a more modest valuation than some of the eye-popping ones seen throughout the industry in recent years. But that doesn’t mean it’s unfair or wrong. DCF analyses take into account the current realities of U.S. tax code and the impact it has on costs and earnings.
Market Transaction: A market method should not be used by cannabis companies in pinning down a valuation because cannabis companies that have gone public — most notably in Canada — have not been able to sustain their sky-high IPO values, which raises concerns that they were overvalued. Also, public cannabis companies north of the border have seen their values plummet in recent months because big promises of heady market growth don’t seem to be coming to fruition.
Adjusted Net Asset Method: While this method can be beneficial for certain cannabis businesses with a lot of assets (cultivators, for instance) one potential downside is it assumes the value of the company is simply the value of its assets and does not take into account any potential for future earnings.
Revenue Multiplier/EBITDA: This is currently the most widely used valuation method in the cannabis industry and is likely going to be used in tandem with another valuation method. That’s because EBITDA eliminates the impact of tax restrictions under IRS tax code 280E. It allows investors to look at a company’s hypothetical profitability for when those tax issues are eventually resolved. Most professionals in the cannabis industry agree those tax and legal issues will be eliminated in the next five to eight years. The risk or challenge with this method, then, lies in if that timeline ends up being longer than expected.
Other Valuation Considerations
Evaluating a company’s valuation is a multifaceted approach. Investors often rely on a hybrid approach, using more than one of the standard valuation methods. But they also take into consideration other metrics that have little to do with the bottom line. Some of those include:
Management Team: Who’s on your board? Who are your top executives? Investors take a look at management before any other metric. Because of the industry’s legal haziness, investors want to see legitimate industry expertise on boards and management teams.
Brand Loyalty: Brand loyalty is big in cannabis. If buyers find a strain they really enjoy, they are more likely to try other strains from the same brand when the preferred product is out of stock. Investors will look at how companies measure brand penetration as part of their due diligence.
State of Financials: How quickly are you able to produce them? Is your accounting managed through a cloud-based system? Are your company’s financials messy? Unbalanced? Clear and organized financials are important, as is responding to investor requests in a timely manner. Otherwise, an investor will get the impression that you are disorganized and don’t truly understand your business — which can have a huge impact on any potential valuation.
Be Your Own Advocate
Whether a cannabis business operator is pursuing an acquisition or an exit, it’s important to understand the standard approaches investors take when evaluating such opportunities. Also, don’t be afraid to suggest a particular valuation method or approach to potential investors. Ultimately, nobody knows your business better than you — it’s vital to be your own best advocate.
Advocating for your business and having a better understanding of the valuation process will go a long way toward landing on a fair valuation for your business.
Melissa Diaz is a co-founder and CFO of Arizona-based Rebel Rock, which provides cannabis businesses across North America with specialty accounting solutions, income tax services (U.S. only), CFO and controller services, and business system implementation. She guides companies of all sizes through GAAP compliance, financial modeling, financial reporting and general financial accounting inquiries and functions.
In addition to leading Rebel Rock, Melissa co-founded Rebel HR, which provides cannabis companies with technology-based HR solutions. She is also a partner in High Rock, a likeminded accounting firm focused on cloud technology integration. Melissa has additional experience as a financial statement auditor with a large international accounting firm, providing audit services for domestic and international businesses. Further, Melissa has experience overseeing global revenue and receivables for a Fortune 500 company.
Melissa earned a bachelor’s degree in Accounting from University of Arizona and a master’s degree in Accounting from Arizona State University.
How Will The Federal Government Regulate Cannabis? We Have a Plan.
by Andrew Kline, NCIA’s Director of Public Policy
NCIA could not be more proud of the collective efforts of the cannabis industry in passing SAFE Banking legislation in the House. Last week was a truly historic moment for the industry. Now, on to the Senate!
While we always relish in victories, we can’t lose momentum, and we need to start thinking about what comes next. As luck (and a bit of hard work) would have it, NCIA has a plan. While NCIA has been fully supportive of incremental steps like SAFE Banking, we believe that the only long-term viable path forward for this industry is descheduling. It’s the only way to solve social equity, it’s the best way to fix 280E, it’s the way that we start looking at cannabis through a public health lens (instead of a criminal enforcement lens), it fixes issues around interstate commerce, and it’s the only way to end the unsustainable federalism clash.
In addition to de-scheduling, our plan calls for cannabis products, like other highly regulated consumables, to be regulated by the government agencies that currently regulate most food and drugs, primarily the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) within the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
Under our plan, cannabis products would be divided into four categories, based on chemical components, safety, intended use, and consumption method. Each of these groups would be regulated through a separate regulatory “lane” tailored to the public policy issues raised by that particular classification. The four lanes are:
Lane #1 — Pharmaceutical drugs (e.g., Epidiolex; Marinol)
(Regulated Like Prescription/OTC Drugs; Lead Federal Regulator: FDA)
Lane #2 — Ingested, inhaled, or topically applied products with more than de minimis amounts of THC (+0.3%)
(Regulated Like Alcohol; Lead Federal Regulator: TTB)
Lane #3 — Ingested and inhaled products with de minimis amounts of THC (<0.3% THC) (e.g., CBD, CBN, and CBG)
(Regulated Like Food/Dietary Supplements; Lead Regulator: FDA)
Lane #4 — Topically applied products with de minimis amounts of THC (<0.3% THC) (e.g., CBD, CBN, and CBG topicals)
(Regulated Like Cosmetics; Lead Federal Regulator: FDA)
Photo By CannabisCamera.com
We firmly believe that our plan sets the stage for the weeks and months ahead. We hope that lawmakers will heed our call for de-scheduling and federal regulation. There is no other viable option for the burgeoning cannabis industry. As always, NCIA stands ready to provide technical assistance to lawmakers and to the Executive Branch as we forge ahead. There is no stopping us now.
If you’re interested in working on public policy issues like this one, please reach out to me to inquire about the Policy Council. We are the think tank for cannabis and we’re just getting started.
Post-Recess Predictions: Looking Into The Crystal Ball
by Andrew Kline, NCIA’s Director of Public Policy
Kids are back in school. The weather is starting to cool off. Congress’s August recess has come to a close. And it’s time to get back to the business of marijuana reform.
As 2019 starts to wind down and we gear up for 2020, it’s a great time to reflect on what we’ve accomplished, what challenges lie ahead, and what we think we can accomplish in the coming months.
Will we see Congressional action on myriad marijuana bills pending before Congress? Will we see new marijuana-related bills being introduced? Will Senate Republicans allow a floor vote on any marijuana-related legislation? Will House Democrats reach a consensus on marijuana-related priorities? Will the Presidential candidates reach consensus on the right approach for marijuana? The answer to all of these questions is… maybe. And the reason is not just that Republicans have been historically opposed to marijuana-related legislation. It’s because there is no consensus on the right approach. No consensus on a policy issue in Congress? Shocking, huh?
We’re starting to see this divide in Congress, with Democrats sponsoring legislation that de-schedules marijuana and Republicans supporting more incremental approaches like SAFE Banking and the STATES Act. Who will win the battle of the ages? It’s anyone’s guess. And while NCIA supports incremental approaches, they are plainly suboptimal. Below, I lay out two scenarios that are simultaneously at play. But first, let’s take a step back.
There’s no industry with a more impressive growth rate – and more potential than cannabis. Period. Whether you’re talking THC, CBD, CBN, or CBG, it’s all the rage. Recently, analysts called for $200 billion in yearly sales within a decade. And Congress should care about this issue because of the economics alone. But – and this is a big but, in order for the industry to reach those economic goals, or anything close to it, one thing must happen: The United States has to legalize all forms of cannabis at the federal level. And by federal legalization, I mean de-scheduling. And for those of you less familiar with Washington speak, “de-scheduling” means:
Removing cannabis from the authority of the DEA
Removing cannabis from a list of illegal drugs that have no medicinal benefits like heroin, LSD, and meth
Legalizing cannabis at the federal level so that there is no conflict with state laws
Legalizing cannabis at the federal level so that banks no longer a risk of federal money laundering charges by doing business with the industry
Legalizing cannabis at the federal level so that the federal tax code permits businesses to take small business deductions
And providing FDA and the Department of Treasury with regulatory authority like they do with alcohol, tobacco, prescriptions drugs, dietary supplements, and foods
There is no other long-term viable option for the cannabis community.
My role at the National Cannabis Industry Association (NCIA) is to lead public policy development for the industry. We’re working hard – on and off Capitol Hill – on comprehensive reforms that begin with de-scheduling. And if you’re committed to the growth of the industry, then you should join us.The Policy Council that I lead needs cannabis professionals to help us develop policies that support the best possible climate for entrepreneurs. If you care about being able to materialize the financial opportunity here, then you should care about creating the public policy climate that will allow the industry to really flourish.
Make no mistake about it: We’ve come an incredibly long way in the U.S. since the mid-90s when no state had legalized medical or adult-use marijuana, and support for legalization stood at roughly 25%. Today, two-thirds of respondents to Gallup’s annual poll favor legalizing recreational marijuana, with about 90% in support of medicinal cannabis. 33 states have approved medical cannabis in some capacity. Of these 33 states, a third (11) also allow adult-use consumption.
So, where is the federal government on this? Here are two possible scenarios.
Scenario One is that Congress passes some sort of incremental legislation in the near term.
There is a lot of cannabis-related activity going on in Washington D.C. these days. And there is good reason to believe that Congress will pass some form of cannabis legislation in the 116th Congress. But, if that happens, it’s likely to be an incremental approach – like SAFE Banking or the STATES Act – which provide protection for state-legal cannabis businesses from federal encroachment.
There was a hearing in the Senate Banking Committee on SAFE banking last month. Yes, you heard that right. There was a full committee hearing, chaired by a conservative Republican from Idaho. And Republican Senator Corey Gardner from Colorado testified in support of SAFE banking legislation. Senator Gardner is also a champion of the STATES Act, another incremental approach. This is an amazing feat, but does it mean that republican leadership has seen the light on cannabis? Maybe.
Or, maybe they just know the Presidential election will be decided by slim margins and the republicans can’t cede the marijuana issue to the democrats. Banking would be an easy win. And they wouldn’t have to support full federal legalization to support banking.
We also know that the House is poised to pass something soon. They have 206 co-sponsors for SAFE Banking. An impressive number. Word on the street is that that bill could move as quickly as this month in the House.
And think about this. Dozens of Attorneys General recently sued big pharma for knowingly selling opioids that are highly addictive and actually killing thousands of people annually. At the same time, three dozen Attorneys General sent a letter to Congress, asking that they pass the SAFE Banking Act for cannabis. Quite amazing.
Where there’s smoke, there’s fire, right? With all of this legislative activity, a bill must be coming to the floor, right? Maybe.
Mitch McConnell is not a cannabis fan, and he controls the legislative calendar in the Senate. But, hemp is a huge industry in Kentucky and NCIA has worked to have protections for hemp and CBD added to the SAFE Banking Act, so Mitch McConnell may now care more than he did just a month ago.
So, I do think that it’s likely that we will see some kind of legislative compromise on incrementalreform soon. And all signs appear to point to SAFE banking.
But, it’s unlikely that any such compromise will include de-scheduling.
And unless cannabis is made federally legal through de-scheduling, banks still risk federal money laundering charges by doing business with the industry, the federal tax code would still prohibit cannabis businesses from taking small business deductions, and possession of cannabis would still be federally illegal, setting people up for continued arrests for federal crimes that are state-legal in 33 states across the country. The economic impact of anything short of de-scheduling will continue to cripple any real small business growth.
So, while I actually think that we may see some legislative action in the coming weeks, it will likely not be the “end all be all” that some of us have been working toward. And it might not be enough to pacify investors or key constituencies.
But, it’s also possible that even small marijuana reform might not happen anytime soon.
So, here is scenario two: We don’t see any real movement in the coming weeks, notwithstanding some positive signs, for a handful of reasons:
Republicans generally aren’t fans of cannabis. Republicans have historically had a more negative view of cannabis than Democrats or Independents. In Gallup’s October 2018 poll, 75% of Democrats and 71% of Independents favored broad-based legalization, which compares to “just” 53% of Republicans – the party that controls the White House and Senate. And Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, no friend to the industry, controls all of the cards in the Senate.
CBD regulations are stuck in a bureaucratic morass at FDA. Lawmakers are also taking their cues from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which has been contemplating how to regulate CBD for months. THC regulation will be harder. Much harder. And once Congress de-schedules, the FDA and Department of Treasury need to be ready to regulate. That is not tomorrow. Or next week. Or next month.
The U.S. Treasury is raking it in. Because cannabis businesses can’t take normal business deductions because of arcane tax rules, companies are paying an effective tax rate of more than 80%. So, the IRS is collecting massive taxes from businesses that are federally illegal. Once cannabis becomes federally legal, businesses can take normal deductions and pay less than half of the current tax rate. This would cost the U.S. treasury billions.
So, it’s possible that Congress does nothing in the short term.
No matter what, NCIA will continue to fight, on and off the Hill, for comprehensive reforms. And while we would be happy in the short term with some incremental relief, only de-scheduling solves myriad problems facing this burgeoning industry. It’s time for Congress to act. And there is no time like the present to get the ball rolling. NCIA will soon be releasing a white paper on how we believe that marijuana should be regulated at the federal level. And that plan starts with de-scheduling. We hope that Congressional leaders will take note.
Member Blog: Borrowing for Cannabis – What You Need to Know
by Cheryl Dearborne, Director of Marketing and Financial Services at Lilogy
Now that cannabis is legal either medically or recreationally in 33 states, and hemp/CBD is federally legal, the cannabis industry is operating with high profit margins, and in order to scale and grow, cannabis companies require capital and financial services on par with any industry. However, the fight between cannabis progressive state laws and regressive federal laws lend to an unstable financial market for these budding companies.
Tax code 280E is a prime example of how cannabis merchants are playing on an uneven field. This tax code disallows cannabis companies to write-off business expenditures because cannabis (THC) is still considered a Schedule I controlled substance, thus creating smaller profit margins. The upside to that kind of disability from an investor’s point of view is that companies netting positively look particularly strong as they are doing so without the same financial privileges as most companies looking for capital. The same can be said for companies that are barely in the black, as they also are staying in operation sans privileges.
However, due to regulations like 280E and the uncertainty behind the federal government’s stance on cannabis, access to capital can seem impossible. Let’s look at some educational tools to help you obtain access to that capital if and when you need it.
Start-up with a solid team
The cannabis industry today can feel over-saturated because business resources are scarce, leaving millions of interesting companies in the lurch for lack of funding. Therefore, start-ups can feel far removed from the ability to access capital. As we mentioned earlier, capital is necessary to scale and grow, and once potential funding is sourced, there are a few measures that can be taken to place your company as a top priority for funding.
One such measure is building a solid team with industry (or position-relative) experience that proves your company has the ability to scale with the collective experience and success records of the executives attached. If any of your owners have a profitable company, it is always a possibility to use that company to guarantee your loan. We will address this further in the assets/collateral section below.
Have clear financial needs and a plan for profit
The companies most qualifying for financing have projected income and a clear plan for obtaining those financial goals for at least 2-3 years out from the current business year. What would be most advantageous is if you can show how the money you borrow would work into your projected financing.
For instance: Let’s say you want to borrow $1MM to purchase enough land to plant and harvest hemp and produce up to 30,000 lbs of biomass. Once on the market, you can project that you would make $1.5-2MM the following year once you put your product on the market (isolates, distillates etc).
The golden facts about this deal are that the borrower in question presumably has seeds, an equipped lab to produce the biomass, etc. and relationships/contracts with distributors that plan to purchase more inventory. Inventory, biomass, equipment: these purchases and obtainable results are also assets, and assets are most valuable in the borrowing process.
Keep collateral in mind and leverage what you have
There are several options to obtain funding if you have collateral in your business. Lenders will consider equipment, real estate and certain types of transferable inventory to reach your funding goals. Before you begin shopping, take a full account of the assets you possess and consider an asset(collateral)-backed loan.
Real Estate is the best collateral to accessing the max-funding for your qualifications If you have equity in any real estate (non-primary, if residential), you may qualify for a cashout-refi on your property or a collateralized business loan. The more equity the better. If you need $500k and would only qualify for $40k based on your business annual income (10-20% of your annual), owning over $500k in equity on your property would qualify you for a loan amount worth the value of the submitted property or group of properties.
If you are looking to purchase equipment or own equipment in which you have considerable equity, you may qualify for an equipment loan. Lenders are willing to lend specifically to the amount of the equipment you’d like to purchase, or refinance equipment you already own and have considerable equity in ($50k and up).
Inventory is valuable in the cannabis industry because the inventory itself is very valuable. Biomass can be used as collateral as long as there is a secondary market to liquidate the assets in case of a default. Some investors and lenders will even consider certain licenses in a collateral package.
The most important advice to note is that investors and lenders love assets. The more hard-assets on your balance sheet, the better. If your investors and lenders know their money will be spent on tangible, recoverable items, you will have a higher chance of securing funding.
Documents
Keeping and providing proper documentation of your business and its finances is the most important part of the process. Depending upon loan amount requested, your required documents will vary. It is worth it to prepare the following documents for submission to your lender of choice:
Lender Application(separate applications may be requested for real estate or equipment lending options)
6-12 Months of Bank Statements and Merchant Processing Statements
1-3 Years of Business Financials including Tax Returns, Profit & Loss, and Balance Sheet, and Accounts Receivables Reports
1-3 Years of Personal Financials including a Personal Financial Statement and Personal Tax Returns
A recent tri-merge credit report for all Principals
Business Debt Schedule including any short-term or long-term debt
An Organizational Chart that explains your business, verticals and any relationships between your legal entity and any subsequent companies.
Real Estate Owned Schedule (applicable if you have real estate to offer as collateral)
Equipment Owned Schedule (applicable if you have equipment to offer as collateral)
Drivers License and Voided Check (no matter what lending options you choose)
Documentation or Information on Inventory (applicable if you are considering inventory for collateral)
If cannabis related, Cannabis license information, if applicable
Time to Fund
In my experience, I’ve seen a million-dollar, short-term business loan deal close within a day of applying and I’ve seen real estate deals close after 3 grueling months of work for both the lender and the borrower. The timing will depend on how quickly you submit all documents requested among other loan-specific factors. Be prepared for potential site-inspections, bank verification, conference calls with investors, appraisals and other unique requests based on the due diligence necessary for your file. I’ve stated before in previous blogsand I will say it here for the NCIA community, try not to borrow in a pinch. If you need a large investment in a day or a week, please don’t be discouraged, your potential lender will hustle for your company, but have some patience and give yourself at least a week to lock in a term sheet, and at least 30 days to close on any loan besides unsecured short-term business financing.
I hope this is an encouraging and helpful article that will bring you closer to applying for funding. If you’re not sure if you’ll qualify, always reach out the funding specialist of your choice or several specialists from several companies to find a lender you trust to work efficiently and honestly on your unique opportunity. Don’t forget to rally for SAFE bankingso that this entire process will be easier and accessible to many more companies large and small within this amazing industry.
Lilogy
Cheryl Dearborne is the Director of Marketing and Financial Services for credit-investment firm, Lilogy in New York City. Her time at Lilogy has seeded a deep passion for educating borrowers in an effort to increase borrower eligibility and credit-worthiness throughout the American community of small business owners, especially so in Cannabis as merchants within the industry have substantial obstacles stacked against them until Federal Laws offer equitable protection and benefits.
VIDEO: Member Spotlight – ArborSide Compassion
Based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, ArborSide Compassion is a medical marijuana dispensary that has been operating since September 2011. Founder and CEO Rhory Gould has been a cannabis activist for over 35 years. The staff at ArborSide services over 1,200 patients per week and has won over 22 HIGH TIMES Cannabis Cup awards. Learn more about their products and services, and how they are navigating the licensing changes for medical and adult-use cannabis in Michigan as new laws are rolled out.
Top Ten Reasons NCIA Supports De-Scheduling Cannabis
Today, the House Judiciary Committee (Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security) is holding a hearing on marijuana policy reform proposals and related social equity provisions. While NCIA supports the STATES Act and other incremental approaches to reform, we strongly prefer a longer-term approach that includes de-scheduling cannabis and the inclusion of robust social equity provisions. Let’s get this right the first time around.
Below are the top ten reasons to support de-scheduling:
1. De-scheduling is good public policy because cannabis should not be classified alongside dangerous drugs like heroin and methamphetamines, and cannabis has proven medicinal properties and is safer for adults than alcohol and many over-the-counter medicines.
2. De-scheduling automatically solves the banking problems plaguing the cannabis industry and automatically cures issues related to the unfair tax provisions imposed by 280E.
3. De-scheduling removes many of the roadblocks in the way of creating an industry that prioritizes and promotes social equity and inclusion.
4. De-Scheduling would allow for cannabis to be transported across state lines in accordance with interstate trade compacts, opening opportunities for licensed growers to get their product into more markets and to stabilize supply and demand issues currently facing some state markets.
5. De-scheduling takes regulatory authority away from the DEA and creates opportunities for the federal government to regulate marijuana through FDA and Treasury with regimes that are more appropriate, given the relative harm of cannabis compared to other adult products.
6. De-scheduling immediately makes federal research and grants possible.
7. De-scheduling immediately changes current immigration policy that prohibits people with “bad moral character” from applying for citizenship because of their work in the cannabis industry.
8. De-scheduling allows for the provision of bankruptcy protection for cannabis-related businesses.
9. De-scheduling would allow veterans access to plant-based medicine and retention of VA benefits if they choose to use medicinal marijuana.
10. De-scheduling still allows for state autonomy while simultaneously providing for federal continuity.
VIDEO: Looking Back On NCIA’s 9th Annual Cannabis Industry Lobby Days
On May 21-23, 2019, NCIA held it’s 9th Annual Cannabis Industry Lobby Days in Washington, D.C. with more than 250 NCIA members who represent the cannabis industry all across the country. NCIA’s Executive Director Aaron Smith highlights some of issues we brought to the halls of Congress to educate House Members and Senators, as well as our brand-new VIP Day for PAC Leadership Circle Members.
“One way that I think really demonstrates the leadership that NCIA has here on Capitol Hill and the way that we’ve moved the dial in Congress is that between all of the events at Lobby Days, over 20 members of Congress showed up to speak, attend, and mingle with NCIA Members.” – Aaron Smith, NCIA Executive Director and Co-Founder
Thanks to everyone who joined us in our nation’s capital to bring the advocacy, education, and community to our federal legislators and lawmakers.
Mark your calendars for next year’s 10th Annual Lobby Days happening May 19-21, 2020!
(Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this has been moved to September 2022.)
Be sure to check out the full photo album from this year’s Lobby Days!
Top 5 Reasons You Should Attend Lobby Days This Year
Will you join us as a united front in Washington, D.C. this year?
Hundreds of cannabis industry professionals from all over the country will descend on Capitol Hill this month for the 9th year in a row for NCIA’s Annual Lobby Days. It’s more important than ever before to make your voice heard and advocate for the federal reforms our industry needs to truly thrive.
Whether it’s access to banking for your business, much-needed federal tax reforms, or some of the many other struggles faced by our industry that could be remedied by congressional action, we need you to tell your stories on Capitol Hill with us on May 21-23.
Here’s our top five reasons for you to register today to join us for this exciting and impactful event this year:
Progress made on SAFE Banking Act
Earlier this spring, we saw historic movement on one of our key pieces of legislation: banking. The SAFE Banking Act of 2019 was introduced in the House of Representatives by some of our champions in Congress – Reps. Ed Perlmutter (D-CO), Denny Heck (D-WA). Following an historic hearing, the bill received a markup by the House Financial Services Committee and passed out of the House Financial Services Committee in a vote of 45-15. This is important because it is the first time in history that a cannabis banking bill has made its way this far through the legislative process. NCIA vigilantly jumped in to collect and submit the testimonies of dozens of cannabis industry leaders for the hearing.
The momentum continues to grow as the bill now has more than 160 co-sponsors and will likely be debated again in the House soon. Now is the time to strike while the iron is hot. Join us at Lobby Days to educate and inform even more members of Congress about the struggles our industry faces to get and keep access to financial institutions!
New Attorney General is receptive to state’s rights issues
As the saying goes: out with the old and in with the new! Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who is known for his anti-cannabis stance, resigned from the Department of Justice earlier this year, and was replaced by William Bar. During his Senate confirmation hearing in January, Barr expressed his respect for the policies laid out in the Cole Memorandum, issued in 2014, which cannabis companies have relied on to continue doing business in a state-legal, regulated environment. Additionally, he wrote to the committee, “I still believe that the legislative process, rather than administrative guidance, is ultimately the right way to resolve whether and how to legalize marijuana.”
These statements hint at a more reasonable approach to cannabis reform, and the need for NCIA members to make their voices heard in the halls of Congress, particularly those in Congress with influence on the Senate Judiciary Committee and at the Department of Justice.
New members of Congress
Last November, we saw midterm elections bring in a new class of freshman members of Congress. Many of these new faces replaced the old guard of those with long-standing prohibitionist views toward cannabis. Many of them lean more progressive, which means they are more likely to be friendly toward our issues. This infusion of new blood, new minds, and new perspectives in the halls of Congress can work in our favor.
NCIA’s Lobby Days is the best way to get direct access to some of these offices so we can get off on the right foot with them on our issues. Joining us in D.C. means you will inform and educate these new members of Congress on the struggles we face like tax reform, veteran’s medical access, social equity, and of course, the SAFE Banking Act specifically. How many new co-signers can we get on this bill? Let’s find out together.
Meeting 200+ other politically active industry professionals
It’s not a conference — It’s different. There’s no expo floor or panel discussions, just people. And it happens to be some of the most politically engaged leaders of our industry who attend Lobby Days. You’ll rub shoulders and team up with cannabis industry pioneers who have been in the game for years. You’ll learn the “ins and outs” of the Beltway from lobby day veterans who join us every year to advocate for our industry. Hear about it for yourself by watching this re-cap video from last year’s 8th Annual Lobby Days:
Learn how to lobby and take those lessons home
This isn’t our first rodeo, but it might be yours, and that’s okay. Even if you’ve never done citizen lobbying before, NCIA’s government relations team makes it easy by offering trainings before the event, as well as on-site. We’ll give you materials to help you tell your stories including descriptions of our priority legislation, and background information on the offices you’ll be speaking with. And you won’t have to go it alone! We will team you up with a small group of your fellow cannabis industry peers to navigate the halls of Congress together.
Lobby Days with NCIA will empower you to go back to your home state to advocate on the industry’s behalf. You’ll know what to say, how to say it, and what to expect.
Together, we can make a real difference and push our industry past the tipping point. Hundreds of NCIA members have already registered for this event, so what are you waiting for? Register today, schedule your flight, and book your hotel. We can’t wait to see you there.
Discussing cannabis and approaching government officials can both be daunting, but with a little knowledge and confidence, both can work together quite well!
Join members of NCIA’s State Regulations committee to get guidance and your questions answered so that you can be your best and help your community at the same time.
NCIA’s State Regulations Committee examines and reviews the varying cannabis industry-specific statewide regulations and work to establish best practices or guidelines for states and municipalities to facilitate the development of regulations and compliance procedures.
VIDEO: Member Spotlight – Berkeley Patients Group
Get to know the team at Berkeley Patients Group, a founding member of NCIA, based in the Bay Area of California. Established in 1999, Berkeley Patients Group is the nation’s longest-running dispensary. Etienne Fontan and Sabrina Fendrick talk about the importance of establishing banking services for our industry, as well as other struggles related to federal prohibition. Etienne Fontan also currently serves on NCIA’s Board of Directors.
As “4/20” Ends, Advocacy Ramps Up
This last weekend, cannabis advocates and supporters gathered in cities across the country to celebrate what is known as “4/20,” a cultural celebration of cannabis.
Michigan’s Hash Bash
In several states like Michigan, the celebration was particularly exciting because of recently passed adult-use laws. Earlier this month, NCIA’s Business Development Manager, Clarissa Kriek, attended the 48th annual festival in Ann Arbor called “Hash Bash.” Since 1972, activists have gathered on these grounds to rally and demand policy reforms. Considering this was the first Hash Bash since legalization, it was a particularly memorable occasion Clarissa gave an inspirational speech on stage about the long, hard battle to legalize cannabis in Michigan, which culminated in the passing of Prop 1 in November 2018. Approximately 15,000 people gathered to celebrate this historic event at the University of Michiganʻs Diag, including Congresswoman Debbie Dingell, who spoke about her late husband and how she believed he could have benefitted from cannabis to help treat his prostate cancer but that federal prohibition has stifled research.
National Cannabis Policy Summit
In the nation’s capital, advocacy was as prominent as celebration at the 4th annual National Cannabis Festival, which was preceded by its sister event, the National Cannabis Policy Summit. These events brought thousands of people from around the country to the District of Columbia to bring attention to the harms caused by prohibition but also to celebrate the victories of the movement in an atmosphere of cooperation, innovation, and culture. Dozens of lawmakers, industry leaders, and policy experts – including NCIA’s Michelle Rutter – shared opinions and advice about how we can make cannabis legal in a way that incorporates fairness and justice.
Advancing the reform of outdated cannabis laws is building in momentum, and public support for medical and adult-use cannabis is at its highest levels ever. In the halls of Congress, we’re seeing the reform measures that are important to our industry gain co-signers on both sides of the aisle. It’s an exciting time for ending the war on drugs.
Whether the date is April 20 or September 20, every day is an opportunity to be an advocate of the legal, regulated cannabis industry. From access to banking and tax reform, to social equity and veterans access, now is the time to speak up and tell your stories about how these key pieces of legislation will help your business thrive.
NCIA’s 9th Annual Cannabis Industry Lobby Days
While NCIA’s government relations team works year-round on the industry’s behalf to advocate for access to banking, fair tax policy, and states’ abilities to determine their own cannabis policies, for example, NCIA’s Annual Lobby Days is the most impactful opportunity to participate in democracy. As we prepare for hundreds of meetings on Capitol Hill on May 21-23, it’s crucial that cannabis industry professionals come together to send a powerful message to lawmakers. The industry is here to stay, and it is our industry’s responsibility to keep it that way.
VIDEO: Member Spotlight – Silver State Wellness
Get to know NCIA members Silver State Wellness in this month’s video spotlight. We speak with co-founder Ed Bernstein and general manager Emmett Reistroffer to learn more about their state-of-the art infused product manufacturing facility based in Las Vegas, Nevada. Their facility produces both medical and adult-use brands ranging from edible products, topicals, and infused beverages including beer, coffee, and tea. Silver State Wellness has also formed a joint venture agreement with Dixie Elixirs & Edibles, a Dixie Brands, Inc. company. Hear about how IRS Tax Code 280E and lack of access to banking impacts their business.
If you’re not yet a member of the National Cannabis Industry Association, log on today and join the movement.
VIDEO: Member Spotlight – Silver Sage Wellness
We’re kicking off the month of March with this video spotlight on NCIA members Silver Sage Wellness based in Las Vegas, Nevada. Meet husband-and-wife team Jim and Pam Blasco, special-needs patient advocates with a powerful story about how cannabis changed their lives, as well as the challenges they experience running a cannabis dispensary in the face of unfair tax burdens caused by Section 280E of the IRS Tax Code.
VIDEO: Capitol Hill Update On Cannabis Banking Hearing In Congressional Committee
Every day, our Government Relations team is keeping our finger on the pulse of what’s happening on the Hill and how it affects our industry. In this case, we have important news from D.C. about movement to fix the banking crisis faced by cannabis industry operators.
Watch this video to learn more about the historic hearing that took place on February 13 in the Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Financial Institutions. They held the first ever hearing on marijuana and financial services, entitled: Challenges and Solutions: Access to Banking Services for Cannabis-Related Businesses. Up for discussion was a new version of the Secure and Fair Enforcement (SAFE) Banking Act.
There’s no better way to stay informed and connected with what’s happening in federal policy than by being a member of NCIA – the largest and most influential national trade association representing the legal cannabis industry. We fight on your behalf year-round in the halls of Congress for our industry to be treated fairly like any other legitimate industry in this country.
Be sure to register in advance for our popular Cannabis Caucus event series – tickets are complimentary for NCIA members, and a limited number of non-member tickets are available. Join us throughout the month of March in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Denver, Lansing, and Philadelphia. For more information, visit our website.
And now is the time to start planning your trip to Washington, D.C. to join us on Capitol Hill! For the 9th year in a row, we’re hosting our Annual Cannabis Industry Lobby Days on May 21-23. This is your chance to walk the halls of Congress and make your voice heard about the unfair tax and banking policies that cripple our industry. This event is exclusively for current NCIA members, so if you’d like to join us for what NCIA members say is “the most important and exciting NCIA event of the year,” then now is the time to join NCIA at one of our three levels of membership, and then join us in May in our nation’s capitol.
If you’re already planning to join us, now is a perfect time to read up on our latest Policy Council report to learn more about priorities for our industry in the 116th Congress.
Member Blog: Advice for Surviving and Thriving in the New Era of Legal Cannabis From Those Who Have Climbed The Mountain (Part 1)
The challenges facing companies pioneering a new industry where each state deals with its own issues are numerous. The importance of strategic business planning and the ability to predict future problems are essential to survival.Colorado, Washington, and Oregon have each dealt with their unique issues and challenges but there are also common problems that every cannabis business experiences: burdensome regulation, unfair taxation, and banking prohibition to name a few. Building your company and brand is dependent on your ability to maneuver your company through the obstacles that will arise in your state market while also planning for a future of legal interstate commerce through a change in federal policy. To place your company in a position to be successful, you should understand the past to predict the future.
Quick Summary of Cannabis History
The history of cannabis is long and distorted, however a few basic points of what brought us to the current state of federal prohibition and individual state markets should be noted for context.
Cannabis use as medicine dates back to 2700 BC in China, and has been used throughout history. In 1850, it was added to the U.S. Pharmacopeia. Prior to state and then Federal prohibition, cannabis was an elixir/tincture used in many common household cough/cold syrups and other medications for stomach-aches, asthma, depression, and many others. In the 1930s, cannabis was regulated as a drug in all states, and in 1937, the passing of the Marihuana Tax Act regulated it federally. Then in 1970, the Controlled Substances Act determined cannabis to be a Schedule 1 drug meaning it has no medical benefit and a high risk for abuse. From 1970 to 1996 the manufacture, use, or possession of cannabis was illegal in all fifty states.
CALIFORNIA
In 1996, California became the first state to legalize the medical use of cannabis through Proposition 215. California was the first domino to fall and further background of the early days of California medical cannabis will be addressed in later blogs in this series focusing on California. Over the next twenty years, 37 states have joined California with medically legal cannabis, and nine states have passed and implemented legal “recreational” (now referred to as “adult use”) cannabis programs.
OREGON
Oregon was the second state to pass medical cannabis in 1998 and that was the start of this author’s journey through the cannabis industry. Prior to 1998, Oregon had been a bastion of black market cannabis cultivation due to its climate and wide open spaces especially in rural southern and eastern Oregon. After 1998, the state “protections” offered by medical cannabis state law allowed the cultivation industry to flourish. However, as opposed to California the state was more focused on growing weed and selling it around the country rather than setting up a distribution system to the medical patients of Oregon. This led to some of the early challenges of the medical cannabis program in Oregon. At this time, the Oregon population was relatively small compared to the state’s cannabis production. Oregon was on its way to being one of the largest cannabis producers in the country. But because cannabis was so easily accessible there was little effort put into a healthy distribution system to Oregon patients. Most patients either grew for themselves or had a designated “grower” and that is where I started in the industry.
OREGON: FORMATION OF RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS
As a nurse who had self medicated with cannabis for ADHD, I began growing for patients because I wanted to provide others with access to the amazing health benefits of cannabis. This was the common way most patients accessed their cannabis. There were no dispensaries when the program started and patients who didn’t have a grower were relegated to barter trade types of acquisition. In 2005, the Oregon Legislature allowed growers to be reimbursed for the cost of production and in 2010, the first dispensaries began to pop up. However, it wasn’t until 2012 that legal retail entities were allowed. This lack of a retail access point for patients was one of the first impediments to the program and allowed states like Colorado and California to take the mantel on progress of a robust program of medical cannabis distribution.
COLORADO
In 2000, Colorado became the sixth state to allow medical cannabis with Amendment 20. Its medical program remained low key until 2010 when the Colorado Medical Marijuana Code was created, which provided for licensing of production and retail establishments. This change was a giant step to the progress of cannabis legalization.
Colorado followed the early model presented in California and began implementing licensed retail establishments for card carrying medical cannabis patients. Retails stores began to flourish and this laid the groundwork for the establishment of the Adult Use program. In 2012, Colorado became the first state to legalize what was originally referred to as recreational cannabis now called “Adult Use” cannabis, which allowed the sales of cannabis to all adults aged twenty-one and older and the boom began. Colorado’s medical program developed into a rapidly growing Adult Use system and with the new federal guidance of the Cole Memo in 2013 canna-businesses began growing rapidly.
COLORADO: SEED TO SALE TRACKING
The primary language of the Cole Memo highlights a “robust tracking system” of all products produced and sold. The Cole Memo did not provide protections for cannabis businesses but provided guidance that helped assure businesses of some safety from federal interference. With the advent and implementation of a tracking system we could now be assured of where products came from and be able to track them back to their origin.
COLORADO: LAB TESTING
Once tracking was in place, lab testing for the safety of the consumer came to the forefront of industry progress. This was one of the first problems Colorado realized it had with its blossoming industry. As opposed to Oregon which required all products sold through its immature dispensary system since 2012, Colorado had not required lab testing of all its products until 2016 after several large quarantines and destruction of unsafe contaminated products. Many Colorado producers struggled with new pesticide regulations and was an early sticking point to growth of the industry. Over the first years of Adult Use cannabis program, Colorado struggled with the infancy of a brand new industry and how to regulate it and consequently, businesses suffered.
Other early challenges that the first legal state dealt with were allowable dosages and changes to dosing, as well packaging changes and the look of products, specifically how or if the products were attractive or marketed to children. The obstacles of a new industry most directly affect the businesses and their bottom lines. These are important points to consider when strategizing your business model and planning for inevitable changes to regulations. The time spent preparing for a system that will change will go a long way to ensuring for success.
WASHINGTON
Now let’s talk about Washington.
Washington was the third state to approve medical cannabis but had problems with implementation due to legislative issues. As multiple pieces of legislation were offered, adopted, and repealed, the lack of clarity prevented the medical cannabis industry from launching. Washington passed its adult use cannabis program at the same time as Colorado in 2012. In Washington, the two major obstacles the industry faced were licensing issues and taxes. A previously existing strong medical program in Colorado allowed for a seamless transition to an adult use program, but that was not present in Washington and this added to difficulties with implementing an adult use program.
Because the industry was just getting off the ground, both states relied on their medical programs as a foundation to the adult use. However, Washington’s medical program was murky and disorganized which lead to complications, Washington also limited licenses and put unfair taxes on the industry. These two factors aided in keeping the black market as the primary driver of the industry, rather than pulling people or businesses into a controlled, tracked, and regulated system.
280E TAX CODE
This provides a nice segue to one of the challenges all cannabis business face: unfair taxes in the 280E tax code. Internal Revenue Code section 280E specifically denies a deduction or credit for any expense in a business consisting of trafficking in illegal drugs “prohibited by Federal law or the law of any State in which such trade or business is conducted” which translates to only “Cost of Goods Sold” as the only deductible expenses. This means administrative costs, executive salaries, marketing and advertising, banking fees, etc., are non-deductible expenses for any cannabis business and subjects them to much higher taxes as most normal business deductions are prohibited. This challenge is one all cannabis businesses deal with and must be factored into financial modeling.
BANKING
While we are on the the subject of taxes and non-allowable deductions, banking is the other major challenge all cannabis businesses face. Due to federal policy around an illegal substance, FDIC insured institutions force canna-businesses to operate in all cash for fear of prosecution under racketeering and money laundering laws. There are a handful of financial institutions, credit unions, or state banks that offer “Enhanced Monitoring Accounts” for cannabis companies. However, they are highly priced and rare. The average cannabis bank account is likely to run $1,000.00 a month, just to have access to banking services, not including additional fees. This $12,000 a year budget line item, while not only expensive, is not a tax write-off per 280E tax code.
One can quickly see from just these two major hurdles or challenges to the industry, normal operations can be difficult. These obstacles are not to be taken lightly; they can be addressed but it must be factored into operating procedures, financial planning/budgeting, and strategic vision.
NOW BACK TO STATE SPECIFIC ISSUES
As Washington and Colorado dealt with its issues, Oregon voted to approve “Adult Use” cannabis in 2014. Using Colorado and Washington as a guide, Oregon implemented their system with more deliberation and vision based on what had been experienced in the first two states. But as was seen with the unique challenges in the first two states, Oregon encountered an entirely different set of problems. Oregon currently faces a massive oversupply problem which has affected all facets of business across the industry. In normal business and supply and demand economics, if an area is oversupplied, business move their products to where the demand is higher or the supply is lower. However, cannabis remains a federally illegal product and therefore interstate commerce remains illegal.
Oregon’s unique problem originated from two main issues:
Oregon had already established itself as a cultivation mecca
The regulatory authority decided against a cap on licenses
This lack of license caps has allowed the number of licensees to explode and thereby allowed the oversupply issue to occur and continue to grow. As stated, this is not a problem exclusive to cultivator/producers. Because of a 75% drop in value, cannabis attorneys, electricians, HVAC, security companies and other ancillary businesses are not getting paid. The oversupplied market and decreased revenue has reverberated across the industry and driven otherwise thriving companies into bankruptcy.
As you can see, each state deals with its unique challenges when implementing its Adult Use cannabis program, while we all deal with some issues that affect us all. The key to thriving… or surviving is to prepare your company to deal with the current challenges shared by us all and predict the challenges that your business will face in your state while preparation is taken for a national and international market.
James Schwartz RN, BSN, LNC, is an experienced medical legal consultant and CEO of CascadeHigh Organics with 20 years experience cultivating legal cannabis. James is a self-described organic minimalist cultivating in the most sustainable manner. James believes in clean cannabis and its use as a wellness drug. His Oregon licensed cultivation, Cascade High, has been featured in Dope Magazine and on the cover of Oregon Leaf’s Sustainability issue (March ‘18). James was featured as the Inaugural Stoner Owner by OR Leaf in Dec 2018. He has articles published by Dope Magazine about Cannabusiness and the Pharmaceutical Industry (May 2017), as well as a medical cannabis article in the Jan. 2019 Healthcare issue of OR Leaf. James is currently on the NCIA Cannabis Cultivation Committee and has presented Cannabis topics to multiple audiences at conferences including Cannabis Science Conference, PDX Hempfest, Cannabiz Convention, CBD Expo and Webinar series, Cannabis Collaborative Conference(CCC), Cannabis Nurse Conference, NCIA and educational industry mixers. His business, legal, medical, and agricultural knowledge provides a unique perspective on the industry. James has lobbied for Cannabis on both the national and state level with Oregon Cannabis Association and is a fierce advocate for the plant and all who use it.
The 116th Congress – What To Expect
by Michelle Rutter, NCIA Government Relations Manager
As the 116th Congress begins, the momentum behind cannabis reform has reached an unprecedented level. Let’s take a look at the top three things you can expect from cannabis legislation in the newest congressional session:
Successes in the House of Representatives, but an uphill climb in the Senate. The 116th Congress is the first time in eight years that Democrats have held control of the House of Representatives. As a result, it is expected that cannabis legislation will garner hearings, appropriations amendments will be expanded, and a bill could even be reach the Floor and be voted on! That being said, it’s important to remember that the Senate is still controlled by the more conservative Republican battle, and any cannabis amendments or legislation that reaches that chamber will have a very serious uphill battle prior to passage.
More cosponsors. In the 115th Congress, the House’s SAFE Banking Act (H.R. 2215) had a record breaking 95 cosponsors, while the Senate version (S. 1152) had 20. That’s nearly a quarter of the House of Representatives and a fifth of the entire Senate! Bills to reform IRC Section 280E saw a similar spike– at the end of 2016, the House’s Small Business Tax Equity Act had a mere 18 cosponsors, while the Senate version had four. At the end of December, the Small Business Tax Equity Act (H.R. 1810) has 46 cosponsors, while the Senate’s version (S. 777) has six. In the 116th Congress, you can expect these bills and others to continue to gather record-breaking numbers of cosponsors- in both the House and Senate.
New bills. There are cannabis bills that are introduced every session, like the banking bill, 280E bill, and various pieces of states’ rights legislation. In the 115th Congress, advocates saw multiple new cannabis bills get introduced, like the Marijuana Data Collection Act, the Marijuana Justice Act, and the MAPLE Act. As the 116th Congress continues, you can expect almost all of the cannabis related bills from last session to get reintroduced, but will likely also see a plethora of new legislation be filed that will address many different issues.
While the opportunities for cannabis reform are numerous, one thing is for sure: the 116th Congress will be one for the history books.
Join us on May 21-23, 2019 for NCIA’s 9th Annual Cannabis Industry Lobby Days in Washington, D.C., to make our voices heard on Capitol Hill! This event is complimentary and exclusive to NCIA members. Registration opens February 11.
VIDEO: NCIA Policy Webinar – Looking Ahead to 2019
As 2018 comes to a close, it’s a great time to sit down and reflect on the successes and challenges of 2018 for cannabis reform. We’re excited to present to you the first installment of our new quarterly Policy Webinar Series with NCIA’s Director of Government Relations Michael Correia, and Policy Council Chair Steve Fox. Watch the webinar and learn more about the successes our industry has had on Capitol Hill this year, the challenges that may be in store in 2019, and what you can do to take action.
Member Blog: Tax Court Decision for Harborside Health Center
The Tax Court’s recent decision in Harborside Health Center v. Commissioner is more bad news for the cannabis business community. The taxpayer, a prominent California dispensary, was assessed approximately an additional $30 million in tax by the IRS for the years 2007 to 2012, years in which Harborside had total revenue of approximately $102 million. Harborside lost, so it will have to pay that amount plus also pay another 20% of the tax owed in accuracy-related penalties – the Tax Court did not decide the penalty issue and left it for a later opinion. At this point, Harborside can either pay the tax (plus possibly penalties) or appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.
GROUNDS OF THE DECISION
The court decided against Harborside on every single argument made by its counsel. Three of the issues are straightforward:
The doctrine of res judicata didn’t apply, so the fact that a civil forfeiture case against Harborside had been dismissed with prejudice did not prevent the IRS from assessing a tax liability.
The language in Section 280E of the Tax Code that deductions are disallowed to a trade or business that “consists of trafficking in controlled substances” applies to businesses that have more than the one activity of trafficking. Harborside argued that “consists of” means the business must ONLY be trafficking for the disallowance to apply, and the Tax Court rejected that interpretation.
Harborside had only one trade or business so it could not deduct any expenses related to a separate trade or business. The taxpayer had argued it had multiple lines of business, but the opinion held that Harborside didn’t make significant profits from any of the other claimed lines of business so there was only one business.
MOST IMPORTANT CONSEQUENCE OF DECISION
The holding in the case that has the widest applicability to the cannabis community regards what Harborside may include in its cost of goods sold. The increase in tax owed by Harborside mostly comes from reclassifying expenses from cost of goods sold to ordinary business expenses and then denying deductions for those expenses under Tax Code Section 280E.
The taxpayer argued that the broader cost of goods sold rules under Code Section 263A applied in addition to the earlier (and narrower) definition of cost of goods sold under Section 471 However, the Tax Court endorsed the reasoning in IRS Chief Counsel Advice Memorandum 201504011 (2015) regarding the interaction of Section 263A and Section 471 with respect to cannabis-related cost of goods sold calculations. It is the IRS view that a clause of Section 263A prevents allocating indirect cannabis-related costs into cost of goods sold because the deduction for those costs would be denied under Section 280E.
Harborside contended that the Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution compels using Section 263A rules in addition to the Section 471 cost of goods sold rules. The Tax Court was very dismissive of the argument, pointing out that “Section 471 wasn’t found unconstitutional during the many decades when it was the only means of calculating COGS [cost of goods sold], and it wouldn’t be unconstitutional now if Congress repealed Section 263A.”
It is also worth noting that the Tax Court held that Harborside was a reseller, not a producer, and that producers are subject to a different set of regulations under Section 471 that allow additional expenses to be included in cost of goods sold.
WHAT NOW?
Harborside is important because it is the first Tax Court case to squarely address the interaction between Sections 263A and 471 in the context of a cannabis business. However, there are other courts that can hear federal tax cases besides the Tax Court, and there are other arguments that can be made besides the one made by taxpayer’s counsel (even in Tax Court). While the best option for relief for cannabis taxpayers is to change the law, even if the law is changed, there will still be years of audits under the current law, so the questions raised by the Harborside decision will continue to be litigated. For further discussion, please see our blog on our website.
James B. Mann is a partner with the Tax practice group of Greenspoon Marder LLP. Mr. Mann has over 25 years of experience serving as a trusted advisor to a broad range of stakeholders in the energy and financial services industries. He counsels clients on the new changes in the tax law, as well as cannabis tax issues and cannabis tax controversy proceedings. Mr. Mann has a law degree from Harvard Law School and an MBA from Columbia University.
Rachel Gillette is among the first attorneys in the nation to dedicate her practice to the cannabis industry. Since 2010, Ms. Gillette has helped marijuana/cannabis businesses with licensing and regulatory compliance, business law and transactions, contract drafting and review, tax litigation, corporate formation, and tax matters, including audit representation. She works with startups and entrepreneurs, investors, and ancillary industry businesses to help develop the cannabis innovation ecosystem, and is a zealous advocate for the industry.
Ms. Gillette regularly represents clients before the IRS’s Examinations, Appeals, and Collections Divisions, including marijuana businesses facing the challenges of IRS adjustments under 280E. She has successfully protested local, state and federal tax deficiencies on behalf of her clients, having prevented hundreds of thousands of dollars in incorrectly assessed taxes, interest, and penalties. She can assist individual and business taxpayers in 280E proposed assessments, offers in compromise, audit examinations, innocent spouse claims, sales, use, and employment tax matters, trust fund tax penalty assessments, penalty abatement’s, and levy releases.
For several years, Ms. Gillette was the executive director of the Colorado state chapter of NORML, the National Organization to Reform Marijuana Laws. She was a founding member of Women Grow and the National Cannabis Bar Association. She an advocate as well as an attorney, and is committed to helping change laws – and perceptions – relating to cannabis and ensuring state licensed and legal marijuana businesses are fairly taxed and regulated.
Ms. Gillette received her Juris Doctorate from the Quinnipiac University School of Law in Hamden, Connecticut, where she served as Associate Editor of the Quinnipiac University Probate Law Journal. During law school, she interned with the New Haven Public Defender’s office, where she developed her commitment to advocacy for those facing the many challenges of the criminal justice system.
This site uses cookies. By using this site or closing this notice, you agree to the use of cookies and our privacy policy.
Founder of Corporate Compassion, LLC and DBA CannaMakeADifference, Kevin J White is a social entrepreneur, nonprofit evangelist, volunteer activist, community engagement advocate, tennis player, golfer, BUCKEYE, and Avid shoe wearer. Kevin began his journey into social entrepreneurship after a 20+ year career in the nonprofit sector. Having started his career as a direct care counselor for at-risk children he advanced through the nonprofit sector, eventually moving to Colorado for a job with a major animal welfare nonprofit, overseeing 4 departments and over 100 staff and volunteers, eventually creating his own nonprofit 501(c)(3) public charity. With a strong background in nonprofit management and resource management, he began his cannabis journey through his Colorado-based, 501c3 nonprofit, having to identify the benefits and challenges of accepting support from the cannabis industry. He realized that there were some challenges for both sectors and decided to further his social entrepreneurship by consulting with cannabis companies looking to strengthen and develop their cause-marketing and philanthropic goals. This was the birth of CannaMakeADifference. 
Hello! My name is Jon Dinh and I work as the Membership Manager here at NCIA! I started my cannabis journey three years ago when I first tried cannabis legally in my home state of Colorado and completely changed my life for the better! 
Calvin Shannon is a Pricipal of Bridge West and has over 17 years of experience providing tax, audit, estate planning and trust services. Calvin is skilled at understanding client’s challenges and working with them to develop and implement innovative and unique solutions. Assists organizations to address the industry’s unique and ever-evolving issues. He enjoys having the opportunity to work with cannabis clients to understand their business needs, and to provide timely solutions
Legislation to give legal marijuana businesses, which have been declared essential in a majority of states with regulated cannabis markets, access to resources being made available by congressional COVID-19 emergency response packages was introduced in the House of Representatives last week by Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) and Rep. Ed Perlmutter (D-CO). 
Watch this webinar from 
James Schwartz RN, BSN, LNC, is an experienced medical legal consultant and CEO of 
James B. Mann is a partner with the Tax practice group of Greenspoon Marder LLP. Mr. Mann has over 25 years of experience serving as a trusted advisor to a broad range of stakeholders in the energy and financial services industries. He counsels clients on the new changes in the tax law, as well as cannabis tax issues and cannabis tax controversy proceedings. Mr. Mann has a law degree from Harvard Law School and an MBA from Columbia University.
Ms. Gillette regularly represents clients before the IRS’s Examinations, Appeals, and Collections Divisions, including marijuana businesses facing the challenges of IRS adjustments under 280E. She has successfully protested local, state and federal tax deficiencies on behalf of her clients, having prevented hundreds of thousands of dollars in incorrectly assessed taxes, interest, and penalties. She can assist individual and business taxpayers in 280E proposed assessments, offers in compromise, audit examinations, innocent spouse claims, sales, use, and employment tax matters, trust fund tax penalty assessments, penalty abatement’s, and levy releases.